Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="338"/>
              time first of all dig a long ditch sloping so that the water will run through
                <lb/>
              it rapidly. </s>
              <s>Into the ditch is thrown the metallic material, together with the
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              surface material, which is six feet thick, more or less, and often contains moss,
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              roots of plants, shrubs, trees, and earth; they are all thrown in with a broad
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              mattock, and the water flows through the ditch. </s>
              <s>The sand and tin-stone, as
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              they are heavy, sink to the bottom of the ditch, while the moss and roots, as
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              they are light, are carried away by the water which flows through the ditch.
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              </s>
              <s>The bottom of the ditch is obstructed with turf and stones in order to prevent
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              the water from carrying away the tin-stone at the same time. </s>
              <s>The washers,
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              whose feet are covered with high boots made of hide, though not of rawhide,
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              themselves stand in the ditch and throw out of it the roots of the trees,
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              shrubs, and grass with seven-pronged wooden forks, and push back the tin­
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              stone toward the head of the ditch. </s>
              <s>After four weeks, in which they have
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              devoted much work and labour, they raise the tin-stone in the following
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              way; the sand with which it is mixed is repeatedly lifted from the ditch </s>
            </p>
            <figure number="195"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—TROUGH. B—WOODEN SHOVEL. C—TUB. D—LAUNDER. E—WOODEN TROWEL.
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              F—TRANSVERSE TROUGH. G—PLUG. H—FALLING WATER. I—DITCH. K—BARROW
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              CONVEYING MATERIAL TO BE WASHED. L—PICK LIKE THE BEAK OF A DUCK WITH WHICH
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              THE MINER DIGS OUT THE MATERIAL FROM WHICH THE SMALL STONES ARE OBTAINED.</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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