Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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time first of all dig a long ditch sloping so that the water will run through
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it rapidly. </
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<
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>Into the ditch is thrown the metallic material, together with the
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surface material, which is six feet thick, more or less, and often contains moss,
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roots of plants, shrubs, trees, and earth; they are all thrown in with a broad
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mattock, and the water flows through the ditch. </
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>The sand and tin-stone, as
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they are heavy, sink to the bottom of the ditch, while the moss and roots, as
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they are light, are carried away by the water which flows through the ditch.
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>The bottom of the ditch is obstructed with turf and stones in order to prevent
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the water from carrying away the tin-stone at the same time. </
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>The washers,
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whose feet are covered with high boots made of hide, though not of rawhide,
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themselves stand in the ditch and throw out of it the roots of the trees,
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shrubs, and grass with seven-pronged wooden forks, and push back the tin
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stone toward the head of the ditch. </
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<
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>After four weeks, in which they have
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devoted much work and labour, they raise the tin-stone in the following
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way; the sand with which it is mixed is repeatedly lifted from the ditch </
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<
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>A—TROUGH. B—WOODEN SHOVEL. C—TUB. D—LAUNDER. E—WOODEN TROWEL.
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F—TRANSVERSE TROUGH. G—PLUG. H—FALLING WATER. I—DITCH. K—BARROW
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CONVEYING MATERIAL TO BE WASHED. L—PICK LIKE THE BEAK OF A DUCK WITH WHICH
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THE MINER DIGS OUT THE MATERIAL FROM WHICH THE SMALL STONES ARE OBTAINED.</
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