Galilei, Galileo
,
The systems of the world
,
1661
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ed than thoſe of the Magnet, which are more groſſe, impure, and
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rare. </
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>From whence it followeth, that the ſuperficies of two
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rons that are to touch, by being exquiſitely plained, filed, and
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burniſhed, do ſo exactly conjoyn, that all the infinite points of
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the one meet with the infinite points of the other; ſo that the
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filaments, if I may ſo ſay, that collegate the two Irons, are many
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more than thoſe that collegate the Magnet to the Iron, by reaſon
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that the ſubſtance of the Magnet is more porous, and leſſe
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pact, which maketh that all the points and filaments of the
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ſtone do not cloſe with that which it unites unto. </
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<
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>In the next
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place, that the ſubſtance of Iron (eſpecially the well refined, as
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namely, the pureſt ſteel) is of parts much more denſe, ſubtil,
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and pure than the matter of the Loadſtone, is ſeen, in that one
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may bring its edge to an extraordinary ſharpneſſe, ſuch as is that
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of the Raſor, which can never be in any great meaſure effected in
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a piece of Magnet. </
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>Then, as for the impurity of the Magnet, and
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its being mixed with other qualities of ſtone, it is firſt ſenſibly
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diſcovered by the colour of ſome little ſpots, for the moſt part
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white; and next by preſenting a needle to it, hanging in a
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thread, which upon thoſe ſtonyneſſes cannot find repoſe, but
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being attracted by the parts circumfuſed, ſeemeth to fly from
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^{*}
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thoſe,
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and to leap upon the Magnet contiguous to
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them:
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and
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as ſome of thoſe Heterogeneal parts are for their magnitude
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ry viſible, ſo we may believe, that there are others, in great
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bundance, which, for their ſmallneſſe, are imperceptible, that are
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diſſeminated throughout the whole maſſe. </
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<
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>That which I ſay,
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(namely, that the multitude of contacts that are made between
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Iron and Iron, is the cauſe of the ſo ſolid conjunction) is
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firmed by an experiment, which is this, that if we preſent the
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ſharpned point of a needle to the cap of a Magnet, it will ſtick
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no faſter to it, than to the ſame ſtone unarmed: which can
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proceed from no other cauſe, than from the equality of the
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tacts that are both of one ſole point. </
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<
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>But what then? </
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<
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>Let a
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^{*} Needle be taken and placed upon a Magnet, ſo that one of its
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extremities hang ſomewhat over, and to that preſent a Nail; to
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which the Needle will inſtantly cleave, inſomuch that
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ing the Nail, the Needle will ſtand in ſuſpenſe, and with its two
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ends touching the Magnet and the Iron; and withdrawing the
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Nail yet a little further, the Needle will forſake the Magnet;
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provided that the eye of the Needle be towards the Nail, and
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the point towards the Magnet; but if the eye be towards the
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Loadſtone, in withdrawing the Nail the Needle will cleave to
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the Magnet; and this, in my judgment, for no other reaſon,
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ſave onely that the Needle, by reaſon it is bigger towards the
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eye, toucheth in much more points than its ſharp point doth.</
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