Galilei, Galileo
,
Mechanics
,
1665
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Specifical Gravity of the Silver, as the Maſs of the Silver hath to
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the Maſs of the Gold; that is, as the difference betwixt the
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Weight in Water and Weight in Air of the Silver, hath to the
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difference betwixt the Weight in Water and Weight in Air of
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the Gold.</
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>With this ſame Ballance one may with facility meaſure the
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Maſs or Magnitude of any Body, in any manner whatſoever Irre
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gular in manner following, namely:</
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>We will have at hand a Solid Body of a ſubſtance more grave
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in Specie
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than the Water; as for inſtance of Lead; or if it were
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of Wood, or other matter more light
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in Specie
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than the Water,
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it may be made heavier by faſtning unto it Lead, or ſome other
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thing that makes it ſink in the Water, and let us take ſome
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known Meaſure, and with it meaſure the Irregular Solid; as for
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inſtance, the Roman Palm, the Geometrical Foot, or any other
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known meaſure, or part of the ſame, as the half Foot, the quar
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ter of a Foot, or any ſuch like part known; then let it be weighed
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in the Air, and ſuppoſe that it weigh 10 pounds; let the ſame
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Meaſure be weighed in the Air, and ſuppoſe that it weigh 8
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pounds: and ſubſtract 8 pounds, the Weight in the Water, from
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10 pounds, the Weight in the Air, and there remaineth 2 pounds
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for the Weight of a Body of Water equal in Magnitude to the
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Meaſure known. </
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>Now, if we would meaſure a Statue of Mar
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ble, let it be weighed firſt in the Air, and then in the Water, and
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ſubſtract the Weight in the
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W
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ater from the
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W
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eight in the Air, and
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the remainder ſhall be the weight of ſo much
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W
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ater as equalleth
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the Statue in Maſs; which being divided by the difference betwixt
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the
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W
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eight in
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W
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ater and the
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W
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eight in Air of the Meaſure known,
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the Quotient will give how many times the Statue containeth the
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ſame given Meaſure. </
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>As for example; if the Statue in Air weigh
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100 pounds, and in the
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W
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ater 80 pounds, 80 pounds being ſub
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ſtracted from 100 there reſteth 20 pounds for the
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W
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eight of ſo
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much
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W
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ater in Maſs as equalleth the Statue. </
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<
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>But becauſe the
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difference betwixt the
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W
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eight in
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W
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ater, and the
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W
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eight in Air
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equal in Magnitude to the Meaſure known, was ſuppoſed to be
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2 pounds; divide 18 pounds by two pounds, and the Quotient
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is 9, for the number of times that the propoſed Statue containeth
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the given Meaſure. </
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<
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>The ſame Method may be obſerved, if it
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were required, to meaſure a Statue, or other Maſs of any kind of
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Metal: only it muſt be advertiſed, that all the holes muſt be
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ſtopt, that the
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W
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ater may not enter into the Body of the Statue:
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but he that deſireth only the Solid content of the Metal of the
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ſaid Statue muſt open the holes, and with Tunnels fill the whole
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cavity of the Statue with
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W
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ater. </
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<
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>And if the Statue were of a
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Subſtance lighter
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in Specie
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than the
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W
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ater; as, for example, of </
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