Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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Time to harden and to get a Kind of Matu
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rity of Strength before it is applied to Uſe.
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<
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>After it is thus prepared,
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Cato
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directs, that it
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muſt not be brought out into the Air but in
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the Wane of the Moon, and after Mid-day, and
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even in the Wane of the Moon he condemns
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the four Days next after the fiſteenth, and pre
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cautions us againſt bringing it out in a South
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Wind. </
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<
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>And when we bring it out, we muſt
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take Care not to draw it through the Dew,
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nor to ſaw or cut it when it is covered with
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Dew or Froſt, but only when it is perfectly dry
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in all Reſpects.</
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<
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>CHAP. VI.</
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What Woods are moſt proper for Building, their Natures and Uſes, how they
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are to be employed, and what Part of the Edifice each Kind is moſt fit for.
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Theophraſtus
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thinks that Timber is not dry
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enough for the making of Planks, eſpeci
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ally for Doors, in leſs than three Years. </
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<
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>The
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Trees of moſt Uſe for Building were reckoned
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to be theſe; the Holm, and all other Sorts of
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Oaks, the Beech, the Poplar, the Linden, the
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Willow, the Alder, the Aſh, the Pine, the Cy
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preſs, the Olive, both Wild and Garden, the
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Cheſnut, the Larch Tree, the Box, the Cedar,
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the Ebony, and even the Vine: But all theſe
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are various in their Natures, and therefore muſt
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be applied to various Uſes. </
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<
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>Some are better
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than others to be expoſed without Doors,
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others muſt be uſed within; ſome delight in
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the open Air, others harden in the Water, and
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will endure almoſt for ever under Ground;
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ſome are good to make nice Boards, and for
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Sculptures, and all Manner of Joyner's Work;
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ſome for Beams and Rafters; others are ſtronger
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for ſupporting open Terraſſes, and Coverings;
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and the Alder, for Piles to make a Foundation
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in a River or marſhy Ground, exceeds all other
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Trees, and bears the Wet incomparably well,
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but will not laſt at all in the Air or Sun. </
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<
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>On
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the contrary, the Beech will not endure the
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Wet at all. </
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>The Elm, ſet in the open Air,
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hardens extremely; but elſe it ſplits and will
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not laſt. </
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<
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>The Pitch Tree and Pine, if buried
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under Ground, are wonderfully durable. </
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<
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>But
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the Oak, being hard, cloſe, and nervous, and
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of the ſmalleſt Pores, not admitting any Moiſ
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ture, is the propereſt of any for all Manner of
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Works under Ground, capable of ſupporting
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the greateſt Weights, and is the ſtrongeſt of
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Columns. </
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<
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>But though Nature has endued it
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with ſo much Hardneſs that it cannot be bored
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unleſs it be ſoaked, yet above Ground it is
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reckoned inconſtant, and to warp and grow
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unmanageable, and in the Sea-water quickly
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rots; which does not happen to the Olive, nor
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Holm Oak, nor Wild Olive, though in other
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Things they agree with the Oak. </
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<
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>The Maſt
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Holm never conſumes with Age, becauſe it's
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Inſide is juicy, and as it were always green.
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<
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>The Beech likewiſe and the Cheſnut do not
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rot in the Water, and are reckoned among the
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principal Trees for Works under Ground. </
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<
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>The
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Cork Tree alſo, and the wild Pine, the Mul
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berry, the Maple, and the Elm are not amiſs
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for Columns.
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Theophraſtus
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recommends the
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Negropont
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Nut Tree for Beams and Rafters,
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becauſe before it breaks it gives Notice by a
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Crack, which formerly ſaved the Lives of a
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great many People, who, upon the falling of
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the publick Baths at
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Andros,
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by Means of that
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Warning had Time to make their Eſcape. </
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<
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>But
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the Fir is much the Beſt for that Uſe; for as it
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is one of the Biggeſt and Thickeſt of Trees, ſo
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it is endued with a natural Stiffneſs, that will
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not eaſily give way to the Weight that is laid
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upon it, but ſtands firm and never yields. </
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<
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>Add
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beſides, that it is eaſy to work, and does not
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lie too heavy upon the Wall. </
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<
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>In ſhort, many
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Perfections, and Uſes, and great Praiſes are aſ
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cribed to this ſingle Wood; nevertheleſs we
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cannot diſown that it has one Fault, which is,
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that it is too apt to catch Fire. </
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<
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>Not inferior
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to this for Roofs, is the Cypreſs, a Tree, in
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many other Reſpects ſo uſeful, that it claims a
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principal Rank among the moſt excellent. </
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<
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>The
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Ancients reckoned it as one of the Beſt, and
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not inferior to Cedar or Ebony. </
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<
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>In
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India
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the
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Cypreſs is valued almoſt equal with the Spice
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Trees, and with good Reaſon; for whatever
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Praiſes may be beſtowed upon the Ammony or
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Cirenaic Field Pine, which
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Theophraſtus
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ſays is
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everlaſting, yet if you conſult either Smell,
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Beauty, Strength, Bigneſs, Straitneſs, or Du
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ration, or all theſe together, what Tree can you
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put in Competition with the Cypreſs? </
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<
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>It is </
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