Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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          <pb o="92" file="0394" n="394" rhead="VITELLONIS OPTICAE"/>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div978" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head788" xml:space="preserve" style="it">17. Viſio diſtinctafit ſolùm ſecũdum perpendiculares lineas à punctis reiuiſa ad oculi ſuper-
            <lb/>
          ficiem productas. Ex quo patet, omnem formam uiſam ſic ordinari in oculi ſuperſicie, ſicui eſt
            <lb/>
          ordinatain ſuperficierei uiſæ. Alhazen 15.18 n 1.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25872" xml:space="preserve">Licetenim, utoſtenſum eſt in 6 huius, tota forma rei uiſibilis agat in uiſum, & in quodlibet pun-
              <lb/>
            ctum ſuperficiei uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25873" xml:space="preserve"> quia tamen per 20 t1 huius forma tantùm unius puncti totius ſuperficiei rei
              <lb/>
            uiſæ oppoſitæ uiſui perpendiculariter incidit uni puncto ſuperficiei uiſus, & ſormæ omnium pun-
              <lb/>
            ctorum reſiduorum ſuperficiei rei uiſæ ueniunt ad illud idem punctũ ſuperficiei uiſus ſuper lineas
              <lb/>
            declinantes per 13 p 11, & in quoliber puncto ſuperficiei uiſus tranſeuntin eodem tempore formæ
              <lb/>
            omnium punctorum, quæ ſunt in ſuperficiebus omnium uiſibilium oppoſitorum uiſui in illo tem-
              <lb/>
            pore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25874" xml:space="preserve"> quoniá ſuppoſitum eſt in principio huius 6 ſuppoſitione, uiſum ſimul diuerſa uiſibilia uidere:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25875" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſola uerò forma puncti, quæ perpendiculariter incidit illi puncto ſuperficiei uiſus, per 47 t1 huius
              <lb/>
            tranſit rectè per diaphanitatem omnium tunicarum oculi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25876" xml:space="preserve"> formæ uerò omnium aliorum punctorũ
              <lb/>
            refringuntur, & tranſeunt per diaphanitatem tunicarum uiſus ſecundum lineas declinantes ſuper
              <lb/>
            fuperficiem uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25877" xml:space="preserve"> & etiam ex quolibet puncto ſuperficiei glacialis erit una tantùm perpendicula-
              <lb/>
            ris ſuper ſuperficiem uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25878" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam cũ ſphæræ glacialis & totius oculi ſitidem centrũ, utpatet per
              <lb/>
            7 huius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25879" xml:space="preserve"> quęcunq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25880" xml:space="preserve"> linea fuerit perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficiẽ unius, & ſuper alterius ſuperficiem,
              <lb/>
            perpendicularis erit per 74 t1 huius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25881" xml:space="preserve"> ſicut autem ex eodem puncto ſuperficiei ſphæræ glacialis ſe-
              <lb/>
            cundum ponentes radios egredi à uiſu, exeũt lineæ infinitæ ad ſuperficiẽ uiſus, quæ ſunt declinan
              <lb/>
            tes ſuper ſuperficiem uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25882" xml:space="preserve"> ſic à puncto aliquo ſuperficiei glacialis, ex quo exit perpendicularis ſu-
              <lb/>
            per ſuperficiem uiſus, & pertranſit foramen uueæ, exeũt lineæ aliæ infinitę tranſeuntes in foramen
              <lb/>
            uueæ, & peruenientes ad ſuperficiẽ uiſus declinantes.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25883" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſicut radij imaginati egredi à uiſibus quá-
              <lb/>
            do fuerint imaginati refringi ſecundũ modũ differẽtiæ diaphanitatis corneæ à diaphanitate aeris,
              <lb/>
            per 47 t 2 huius perueniunt ad diuerſa loca & ad puncta diuerſa in ſuperficiebus rerum uiſibilium
              <lb/>
            oppoſitarũ uiſui in uno tempore, & nulla iſtarum linearũ occurrit puncto, quod eſt apud extremi-
              <lb/>
            tatem perpendicularis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25884" xml:space="preserve"> Sic etiam ſecundũ nos ponentes radios non egredi, ſed formas diffundi ad
              <lb/>
            uiſum, formæ punctorũ uiſibilium, quæ ſunt apud extremitates harum linearum, extenduntur ſe-
              <lb/>
            cundum rectitudinem harum linearũ, & perueniũt ad ſuperficiem uiſus, & per 47 t 2 huius refrin-
              <lb/>
            guntur ad idem punctũ ſuperficiei glacialis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25885" xml:space="preserve"> ſolus autem punctus, qui eſt apud extremitatem per-
              <lb/>
            pendicularis, non refrin gitur, ſed ſemper extenditur ſecundú rectitudinem perpẽdicularis, & per-
              <lb/>
            tranſit ad illum punctũ glacialis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25886" xml:space="preserve"> Si itaq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25887" xml:space="preserve"> glacialis ſecundũ lineas non perpendiculares ſentiat:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25888" xml:space="preserve"> tunc
              <lb/>
            puncti, qui ſunt in ſuperficiebus uiſibilium, nunquá ordinabuntur in ſenſu ſecundũ modum ordi-
              <lb/>
            nis ſui in ſuperficie rei uiſæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25889" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam in eodem puncto occurrũt formæ admixtæ ex multis formis
              <lb/>
            diuerſis, & ex coloribus diuerſis, & nõ diſtinguetur aliquid in illis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25890" xml:space="preserve"> ſed ſi glacialis ſecundum lineas
              <lb/>
            perpendiculares tantùm ſentiet:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25891" xml:space="preserve"> tunc diſtin guentur in eo puncti, qui ſunt in ſuperficiebus uiſibi-
              <lb/>
            lium, nec erit differẽtia ſitus & ordinationis formarum uiſibilium in ſuperficie glacialis & in rebus
              <lb/>
            uiſibilibus, quæ ſunt extrà.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25892" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniam autem ſecũdum 5 ſuppoſitionem noſtram formæ uiſibilium
              <lb/>
            perueniunt ad uiſum ſub figuris, quas habẽt in rebus extrà:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25893" xml:space="preserve"> patet quòd ſecundũ ſolas perpendicu-
              <lb/>
            lares lineas fit uiſio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25894" xml:space="preserve"> tunc enim ſolùm forma uiſa ſic ordinatur in oculi ſuperficie, ſicut eſt ordinata
              <lb/>
            in ſuperficie rei uiſæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25895" xml:space="preserve"> Patet ergo propoſitum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25896" xml:space="preserve"> Omnes itaq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25897" xml:space="preserve"> lineæ diffuſionis quarumcunq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25898" xml:space="preserve"> uiſarum
              <lb/>
            formarũ, quæ ſunt perpendiculares ſuper ſuperficies tunicarũ uiſus, continẽtur in pyramide, cuius
              <lb/>
            uertex eſt centrũ uiſus, & cuius baſis eſt circulus foraminis uueæ, uel pars ſuperficiei illius circuli:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25899" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            & quantò magis exten ditur bæc pyramis, & remouetur à uiſu, tantò magis amplificatur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25900" xml:space="preserve"> & omnes
              <lb/>
            formæ rerum cadentiũ intra illam pyramidem, extendũtur in rectitudinem linearũ radialiũ, & per-
              <lb/>
            tranſeunt tunicas oculorũ refractæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25901" xml:space="preserve"> & hác pyramidem dicimus pyramidem radialem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25902" xml:space="preserve"> Formæ uerò
              <lb/>
            rerum uiſibiliũ, quæ ſunt extra hanc pyramidem, nun quam incidũt per aliquam illarũ linearũ per-
              <lb/>
            pendiculariũ, ſed fortè accidit ipſas extẽdi per lineas rectas, quæ ſunt inter ipſas & ſuperficiẽ uiſus
              <lb/>
            oppoſitam foramini uueæ, & illæ formę refringũtur à diaphanitate tunicarũ uiſus, & nó perueniũt
              <lb/>
            ordinatè ad uirtutem uiſiuam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25903" xml:space="preserve"> unde non fit diſtincta uiſio ſecundũ illas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25904" xml:space="preserve"> ueruntamẽ illas ſormas re-
              <lb/>
            fractas aliqualiter accidit uideri, ſed indiſtinctè, in cócurſu ſcilicet ipſarum cũ lineis perpendicula-
              <lb/>
            ribus à cẽtro oculi extra pyramidem radialem productis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25905" xml:space="preserve"> Dicimus autem nũc ſuperficiem uiſus illá
              <lb/>
            partem ſuperficiei oculi, quæ eſt oppoſita ſuperficiei foraminis uueæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25906" xml:space="preserve"> Quòd autem uiſus compre-
              <lb/>
            hendat quádoq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25907" xml:space="preserve"> illa, quæ ſunt extra pyramidẽ radialem, patet experimentaliter.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25908" xml:space="preserve"> Extremitas enim
              <lb/>
            acus uel ſtipulæ ſubtilis poſitæ in poſtremo oculi, utinter palpebras uel in parte lachrimali quie-
              <lb/>
            ſcente uiſu, uidebitur, cũ tamen illa extremitas ſit extra pyramidem radialẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25909" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter quoq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25910" xml:space="preserve"> in eiſ-
              <lb/>
            dem locis circa oculũ erecto indice uel alio digito extra pyramidẽ radialem, quæ ualde ſubtilis eſt,
              <lb/>
            quoniam pyramidalitas eius nó eſt ampla:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25911" xml:space="preserve"> unde nihil ſui peruenit ad loca, quæ circũdant oculũ, ui-
              <lb/>
            debitur tamen ſuperficies ipſius indicis uel alterius digiti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25912" xml:space="preserve"> Forma itaq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25913" xml:space="preserve"> iſtorũ uiſibiliũ peruenit ad
              <lb/>
            ſuperficiẽ uiſus per lineas obliquas, quæ ſunt extra pyramidẽ radialẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25914" xml:space="preserve"> Patet ergo, quòd formæ rerũ
              <lb/>
            taliter ſituatarũ reſpectu pyramidis radialis, perueniũt ad ſuperficiẽ uiſus ք refractionẽ factã in ſu-
              <lb/>
            perficie uiſus ab aere, ꝗ eſt rarioris diaphani, quá ſint tunicæ ipſius uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25915" xml:space="preserve"> Quòd aũt refractio fiat in
              <lb/>
            ſuքficie ipſi{us} uiſus formarũ obliquè uiſui incidẽtiũ, patet etiá in illis, quorũ formæ niſi ꝓhiberẽtur,
              <lb/>
            caderẽt intra pyramidẽ radialẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25916" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim acus uel alia res ſubtilis minuta directè oppoſita foramini
              <lb/>
            uueæ interponatur uiſui & parieti albo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s25917" xml:space="preserve"> uidebitur tñ forma toti{us} parietis, cũ ſecũdũ ueritatẽ formæ
              <lb/>
            </s>
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