Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

Table of figures

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="363"/>
              when it is necessary. </s>
              <s>The wooden handle is seven palms long, or even longer,
                <lb/>
              in order that it may extend outside; one-half of this handle, two palms
                <lb/>
              wide and one thick, is glued to the end of the board and fastened with pegs
                <lb/>
              covered with glue; the other half projects beyond the board, and is rounded
                <lb/>
              and seven digits thick. </s>
              <s>Besides this, to the handle and to the board is fixed
                <lb/>
              a cleat two feet long, as many palms wide and one palm thick, and to the under
                <lb/>
              side of the same board, at a distance of three palms from the end, is fixed
                <lb/>
              another cleat two feet long, in order that the board may sustain the force
                <lb/>
              of distension and compression; these two cleats are glued to the board, and
                <lb/>
              are fastened to it with pegs covered with glue.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The lower bellows-board, like the upper, is made of two pieces of pine
                <lb/>
              and of two strips of linden wood, all glued together; it is of the same width
                <lb/>
              and thickness as the upper board, but is a cubit longer, this extension being
                <lb/>
              part of the head of which I have more to say a little later. </s>
              <s>This lower bellows­
                <lb/>
              board has an air-hole and an iron ring. </s>
              <s>The air-hole is about a cubit distant
                <lb/>
              from the posterior end, and it is midway between the sides of the bellows­
                <lb/>
              board, and is a foot long and three palms wide; it is divided into equal
                <lb/>
              parts by a small rib which forms part of the board, and is not cut from it;
                <lb/>
              this rib is a palm long and one-third of a digit wide. </s>
              <s>The flap of the air­
                <lb/>
              hole is a foot and three digits long, three palms and as many digits wide;
                <lb/>
              it is a thin board covered with goat skin, the hairy part of which is turned
                <lb/>
              toward the ground. </s>
              <s>There is fixed to one end of the flap, with small iron
                <lb/>
              nails, one-half of a doubled piece of leather a palm wide and as long as the
                <lb/>
              flap is wide; the other half of the leather, which is behind the flap, is twice
                <lb/>
              perforated, as is also the bellows-board, and these perforations are seven
                <lb/>
              digits apart. </s>
              <s>Passing through these a string is tied on the under side of the
                <lb/>
              board; and thus the flap when tied to the board does not fall away. </s>
              <s>In this
                <lb/>
              manner are made the flap and the air-hole, so when the bellows are distended
                <lb/>
              the flap opens, when compressed it closes. </s>
              <s>At a distance of about a foot
                <lb/>
              beyond the air-hole a slightly elliptical iron ring, two palms long and one
                <lb/>
              wide, is fastened by means of an iron staple to the under part of the bellows­
                <lb/>
              board; it is at a distance of three palms from the back of the bellows. </s>
              <s>In
                <lb/>
              order that the lower bellows-board may remain stationary, a wooden bolt is
                <lb/>
              driven into the ring, after it penetrates through the hole in the transverse
                <lb/>
              supporting plank which forms part of the frame for the bellows. </s>
              <s>There are
                <lb/>
              some who dispense with the ring and fasten the bellows-board to the frame
                <lb/>
              with two iron screws something like nails.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The bows are placed between the two boards and are of the same length
                <lb/>
              as the upper board. </s>
              <s>They are both made of four pieces of linden wood three
                <lb/>
              digits thick, of which the two long ones are seven digits wide at the back and
                <lb/>
              two and a half at the front; the third piece, which is at the back, is two
                <lb/>
              palms wide. </s>
              <s>The ends of the bows are a little more than a digit thick, and are
                <lb/>
              mortised to the long pieces, and both having been bored through, wooden
                <lb/>
              pegs covered with glue are fixed in the holes; they are thus joined and glued
                <lb/>
              to the long pieces. </s>
              <s>Each of the ends is bowed (
                <emph type="italics"/>
              arcuatur
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ) to meet the end of
                <lb/>
              the long part of the bow, whence its name “bow” originated. </s>
              <s>The fourth </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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