Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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Table of figures
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1 - 30
31 - 60
61 - 90
91 - 120
121 - 150
151 - 180
181 - 210
211 - 240
241 - 270
271 - 300
301 - 312
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1 - 30
31 - 60
61 - 90
91 - 120
121 - 150
151 - 180
181 - 210
211 - 240
241 - 270
271 - 300
301 - 312
[out of range]
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piece keeps the ends of the bow distended, and is placed a cubit distant from
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the head of the bellows; the ends of this piece are mortised into the ends
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of the bow and are joined and glued to them; its length without the tenons
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is a foot, and its width a palm and two digits. </
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<
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>There are, besides, two other
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very small pieces glued to the head of the bellows and to the lower board,
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and fastened to them by wooden pegs covered with glue, and they are three
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palms and two digits long, one palm high, and a digit thick, one half being
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slightly cut away. </
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<
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>These pieces keep the ends of the bow away from the
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hole in the bellows-head, for if they were not there, the ends, forced inward
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by the great and frequent movement, would be broken.</
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>The leather is of ox-hide or horse-hide, but that of the ox is far preferable
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to that of the horse. </
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>Each of these hides, for there are two, is three and a
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half feet wide where they are joined at the back part of the bellows. </
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<
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>A
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long leathern thong is laid along each of the bellows-boards and each of the
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bows, and fastened by T-shaped iron nails five digits long; each of the
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horns of the nails is two and a half digits long and half a digit wide. </
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<
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>The
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hide is attached to the bellows-boards by means of these nails, so that a horn
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of one nail almost touches the horn of the next; but it is different with the
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bows, for the hide is fastened to the back piece of the bow by only two nails,
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and to the two long pieces by four nails. </
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<
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>In this practical manner they put
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ten nails in one bow and the same number in the other. </
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<
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>Sometimes when the
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smelter is afraid that the vigorous motion of the bellows may pull or tear
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the hide from the bows, he also fastens it with little strips of pine by means of
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another kind of nail, but these strips cannot be fastened to the back pieces of
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the bow, because these are somewhat bent. </
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<
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>Some people do not fix the
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hide to the bellows-boards and bows by iron nails, but by iron screws,
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screwed at the same time through strips laid over the hide. </
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<
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>This method
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of fastening the hide is less used than the other, although there is no doubt
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that it surpasses it in excellence.</
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<
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>Lastly, the head of the bellows, like the rest of the body, consists of two
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boards, and of a nozzle besides. </
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<
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>The upper board is one cubit long, one and a
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half palms thick. </
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<
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>The lower board is part of the whole of the lower bellowsÂ
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board; it is of the same length as the upper piece, but a palm and a digit
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thick. </
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<
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>From these two glued together is made the head, into which, when it
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has been perforated, the nozzle is fixed. </
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<
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>The back part of the head, where
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it is attached to the rest of the bellows-body, is a cubit wide, but three palms
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forward it becomes two digits narrower. </
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<
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>Afterward it is somewhat cut
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away so that the front end may be rounded, until it is two palms and as
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many digits in diameter, at which point it is bound with an iron ring three
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digits wide.</
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>The nozzle is a pipe made of a thin plate of iron; the diameter in front is
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three digits, while at the back, where it is encased in the head of the bellows,
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it is a palm high and two palms wide. </
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<
s
>It thus gradually widens out, especially
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at the back, in order that a copious wind can penetrate into it; the whole
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nozzle is three feet long.</
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