Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

Table of figures

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001647">
                <pb pagenum="393" xlink:href="016/01/042.jpg"/>
              vſque ad C, mouebitur ex C in D: igitur
                <lb/>
              ſi tendatur vſque ad C, procul magis emit­
                <lb/>
                <figure id="id.016.01.042.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/042/1.jpg" number="23"/>
                <lb/>
              tetur iuxta proportionem CD ad BD. </s>
              <s id="s.001648">Item
                <lb/>
              chorda tracta vſque ad C, maiore impetu
                <lb/>
              redibit ad D, quàm ex B in D. </s>
              <s id="s.001649">Igitur cele­
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              riùs mouebitur ſagitta à chorda, quare etiam
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              poſtquàm emiſſa fuerit. </s>
              <s id="s.001650">Nec oportet adii­
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              cere, vt valida ſit virtus, quæ mouet, nam
                <lb/>
              nobis ſufficit vt celeriter moueat: quòd ſi
                <lb/>
              celeriter mouere poteſt, valida eſt cauſa,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg169"/>
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              quæ mouet. </s>
              <s id="s.001651">Nam & ſi valida eſſet cauſa,
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              moueret tamen lentè, quod poſſet procul
                <lb/>
              emittere. </s>
              <s id="s.001652">Nihil enim lentè, & procul ali­
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              quid mouere poteſt: nam quod lentè moue­
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              tur, multum temporis conſumit in motu: in
                <lb/>
              quo etiam maximam vim, quum contra na­
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              turam nitatur, debilitari neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001653">Tertia
                <lb/>
              cauſa eſt raritas medij per quod mouetur:
                <lb/>
              nam in aëre velociter, in aqua lentè, in ter­
                <lb/>
              ra vix eſt impellere quicquam. </s>
              <s id="s.001654">Atque ob id,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg170"/>
                <lb/>
              qui naues hoſtium machinis petunt, ma­
                <lb/>
              ximè cauent, ne ictus fiat in parte nauis,
                <lb/>
              quæ ſub aqua iacet, quamvis pernicioſior
                <lb/>
              eſſet: ſed quia ſphæræ ictus occurſu aquæ
                <lb/>
              debilitatur, malunt nauim ſupra aquam fe­
                <lb/>
              rire, ſed tamen humiliore quàm poſſunt par­
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              te. </s>
              <s id="s.001655">Quarta cauſa celeris & diuturni ictus
                <lb/>
              eſt acuitas teli, quæ minorem quantitatem
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              aëris obuiam habens, minùs impeditur. </s>
              <s id="s.001656">Vn­
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              de videtur, quòd prima opinio verior ſit,
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              quàm illa, quæ eſt Ariſtotelis de cauſa mo­
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              tus violenti. </s>
              <s id="s.001657">Nam non tam manifeſtè appa­
                <lb/>
              ret, cur violenter mota, vt acutiora ſunt, eò
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              celeriùs & longiore ſpatio ferantur. </s>
              <s id="s.001658">Si qua
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              etiam proxima ſint chordæ, non tamen tan­
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              gant eam, quamvis aër moueatur, nihilo ſe­
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              cius quàm ille, qui ſagittam antecedit: non
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              tamen mouetur res illa proxima, nedum vt
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              per longum ſpatium feratur. </s>
              <s id="s.001659">Prætereà aër
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              cùm mollis ſit, nec adeò vehementer mo­
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              ueri poteſt, nec in vnum cogi, quare nec
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              ſphærulam ferream mouere. </s>
              <s id="s.001660">Neque in aqua
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              minùs mouebitur id, quod vi impellitur,
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              quam in aëre, cùm tamen non ſolum len­
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              tius, ſed longè lentiùs in aqua, quàm aëre
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              moueatur. </s>
              <s id="s.001661">Et in aëre etiam ipſo grauia non
                <lb/>
              lentius ferri debent leuibus, ſi vacui ratione
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg171"/>
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              ſubſequantur. </s>
              <s id="s.001662">Sed rationes hæ non oſten­
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              dunt, quoniam acuta celerius ob id ferun­
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              tur, quòd maiore impetu primus aër moue­
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              tur, à quo partes reliquæ iuxta eandem cau­
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              ſam impelluntur. </s>
              <s id="s.001663">Fit ob id telum, quod pro­
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              iectum ſemper infigitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001664">Cuſpis A, alæ qua­
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              tuor magnæ ac tenues ad rectos angulos po­
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              ſitæ haſta BA. </s>
              <s id="s.001665">Cùm igitur telum fertur,
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              non poteſt inclinari, quia alarum aliqua, vel
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              plures aëri occurret ex aduerſo: rectà igitur
                <lb/>
              cùm feratur BA telum neceſſariò infigetur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.001666">Quòd ſi vis deficiat, adhuc rectè cadet, & fi­
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              getur. </s>
              <s id="s.001667">Atque eadem fuit in ſagittis cauſa
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              inuentionis alarum. </s>
              <s id="s.001668">Reliquæ igitur rationes
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              præter vltimam contra Platonis opinionem
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              de antiperiſtaſi demonſtrant, non
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              autem de aëre antecedente. </s>
              <s id="s.001669">Vltima
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              autem euidens habet contra ſe ex­
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              perimentum: nam & in motu à
                <lb/>
              raritate difficilior eſt aſcenſus gra­
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              uis, quàm leuis, & ideò etiam
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              tardior. </s>
              <s id="s.001670">Verùm quòd fidem facit
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              pro Ariſtotelis opinione, illud eſt
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              quòd motum naturalem in fine
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                <figure id="id.016.01.042.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/042/2.jpg" number="24"/>
                <lb/>
              violentum, in principio, vehementem, in
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              medio fieri validiorem. </s>
              <s id="s.001671">Auerroës Simpli­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg172"/>
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              cium ſecutus, & quum deprauatam habe­
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              ret literam textus, proiectorum, anima­
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              lium legit. </s>
              <s id="s.001672">Simplicius quum textum habe­
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              ret bonum, Ariſtotelem non intelligens, per
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              proiecta, animalia expoſuit, quòd in latus,
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              vt proiecta mouerentur, abſurdiſſima com­
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              paratione, & interpretatione. </s>
              <s id="s.001673">Mouit hoc il­
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              lum, quòd dixiſſet iam, violenta ab initio
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              vehementiùs moueri, naturalia in fine: ex
                <lb/>
              horum altero genere proiecta eſſe oportuit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.001674">Sed non intellexit Philoſophum. </s>
              <s id="s.001675">Cùm enim
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              proiecta aëris antecedentis motu moueren­
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              tur, aër autem per ſe ſit mobilis, motus pro­
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              iectorum ex naturali quodammodo, & vio­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg173"/>
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              lento conſtat, naturalis in fine augetur, vio­
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              lentus in principio: quamobrem miſtus ex
                <lb/>
              his, qui eſt proiectorum, in medio eſt va­
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              lidiſſimus. </s>
              <s id="s.001676">Conſtans hæc ratio eſt, & pul­
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              cherrimè dubitationis ſolutionem docet. </s>
              <s id="s.001677">Vi­
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              demus enim machinas, ſcorpiones, tela
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              etiam manu emiſſa, in quadam diſtantia
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              vehementiores ictus, quàm nimis propè, &
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              ( vt ita dicam ) ſub ipſis telis, aut ſcorpio­
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              nibus, aut machinis, inferre. </s>
              <s id="s.001678">Cauſa eſt, quam
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              nemo alius afferre poteſt, quàm qui ab hoc
                <lb/>
              principio, quòd Ariſtoteles propoſuit, mo­
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              tum factum putat: nam aër ille ſub ini­
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              tio motus motum non iuuat, niſi parùm,
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              ſuccedente tempore aëris motus naturalis
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              vt mouetur validior fit, vt autem mouet, pa­
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              rùm dehiſcit: quare eodem motus celeri­
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              tatem augeri neceſſe eſt, quoad plus mouere
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              minùs incipit, quàm moueri natura ſit
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              aptum. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001679">
                <margin.target id="marg168"/>
              Quatuor
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              cauſæ celeri­
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              tatis, & diu­
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              turnitatis
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              motus vio­
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              lenti.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001680">
                <margin.target id="marg169"/>
              Nihil lentè
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              & procul
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              emitti po­
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              teſt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001681">
                <margin.target id="marg170"/>
              Gubernato­
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              res nauium
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              cauent ne
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              bellica tor­
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              menta ſub
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              aquam mer­
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              gant ſphæ­
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              rulas, quas
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              in hoſtium
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              claſſem im­
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              mittunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001682">
                <margin.target id="marg171"/>
              Teli confi­
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              ciendi ratio,
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              quod ſemper
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              infigitur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001683">
                <margin.target id="marg172"/>
              Ratio de­
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              monſtratiua
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              pro Ariſtote­
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              le. 2. cœli.t.
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              c. 35. & in
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              diuiſione
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              Simplicij. t.
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              cap. 20.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001684">
                <margin.target id="marg173"/>
              Cur ictus
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              ſcorpionum,
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              & machina­
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              rum, & te­
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              lorum in
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              certa diſtan­
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              tia, quam ni­
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              mis propè, ſit
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              validior.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001685">Ergo cognita motus violenti ratione,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg174"/>
                <lb/>
              quomodo ferantur, quæ non ſponte ſua fe­
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              runtur, oſtendamus, hoc initio ſumpto, quòd
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              quæ mouentur grauia ictu aliquo, nec ſe­
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              cundum naturam, tria habent, ex quibus
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                <figure id="id.016.01.042.3.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/042/3.jpg" number="25"/>
                <lb/>
              conficitur motus: propriam grauitatem,
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              qua deorſum feruntur, medij naturalem
                <lb/>
              vim, vt mouetur, & vim acquiſitam, qua
                <lb/>
              partem aliam aëris mouet, iam igitur fit
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              AB æquidiſtans finitori linea, quam ſecet
                <lb/>
              ex angulo recto CD, vt CA, ſit æqualis
                <lb/>
              BC, & diuidatur AC per æqualia in E: quod
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              verò moueri debet in F, & manifeſtum eſt </s>
            </p>
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