Caverni, Raffaello, Storia del metodo sperimentale in Italia, 1891-1900

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            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="020/01/430.jpg" pagenum="411"/>
              drus. </s>
              <s>Sic enim accidit ut oculus ab uno puncto intueatur sub rectis ductis
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              ab extremo regulae in loco ubi consistit visus, tangentibus cylindrum, et
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              quidem angulo comprehenso sub istis ductis, minori eo angulo cui sol ac­
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              comodatur, habenti verticem in oculo, propterea, quod apparet aliquid solis
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              undequaque cylindri ” (Archimedis Opera, Parisiis 1615, pag. </s>
              <s>452, 53). </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Nè qui lo stesso Archimede lascia indietro l'attenzione di prendere esat­
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              tamente la misura del foro pupillare, considerando, come fa Galileo, che i
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              raggi non escono dall'occhio movendo da un punto solo, ma da più. </s>
              <s>“ Porro
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              quoniam visus non respicit ab uno puncto, sed ab aliqua quantitate, suma­
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              tur aliqua magnitudo teres non minor visu, et hoc rotundo corpore collo­
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              cato in extremitate regulae ubi oculus sistitur, recta agatur tangens et hoc
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              teres corpus et item cylindrum. </s>
              <s>Etenim qui comprehenditur angulus sub
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              lineis ductis, minor est angulo in quo sol accomodatur, habente apicem in
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              visu. </s>
              <s>Magnitudo autem non minor visu hoc pacto reperietur: ” (ibi, pag. </s>
              <s>453).
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              E prosegue a descrivere il metodo di trovare il concorso de'raggi visuali, in
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              ragion dell'apertura della pupilla, al modo stesso di Galileo, colla differenza
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              che, invece di strisce di carta o di tavolette, come questi propone, Archi­
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              mede suggerisce cilindri o corpi arrotondati di diverso colore. </s>
            </p>
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              <s>L'operazione insomma, che Galileo insegnava fare, dandola per una
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              speculazione sua nuova, il Renieri poteva averla appresa molto tempo prima
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              dall'antico Matematico di Siracusa, e anco quando, ciò che non par credi­
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              bile, non gli fosse mai venuto a mano il volume delle Opere di Archimede,
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              illustrate già dal Rivalt e tradotte in latino, il Keplero, infino dal 1604, aveva
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              solennemente divulgate le dottrine dell'antico Maestro, che erano divenute
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              oramai, ai tempi di Galileo e del Renieri, comun retaggio della scienza ot­
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                <figure id="id.020.01.430.1.jpg" xlink:href="020/01/430/1.jpg" number="45"/>
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              <s>Figura 37.
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              tica moderna. </s>
              <s>L'Autore de'Paralipomeni a Vitellione in­
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              fatti intitola il § V del V capitolo:
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              Quac ex visionis modo
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              in Astronomiam redundant, seu de vitiata visione,
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              e in
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              trattar di ciò, così scrive: “ Cum itaque stellarum distan­
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              tiae instrumentis astronomicis sunt capiendae, diligentiores
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              Astronomi, ut dictum, non fidunt oculo. </s>
              <s>Sciunt enim, etsi
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              oculus ipsum instrumenti centrum attingat (quod tamen
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              difficulter obtinetur), non attingere tamen nisi superficie
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              tenus, in qua quidem linaee, ex utraque stella per supe­
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              riora pinnicidia ductae, non concurrant. </s>
              <s>Sint F, G (fig. </s>
              <s>37)
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              stellae. </s>
              <s>BAC instrumentum, centro A, DA superficies oculi,
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              E centrum oculi. </s>
              <s>Cum igitur non ex A sed ex E centro
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              oculi fingendae sint egredi rectae in F, G incidentes: Ap­
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              plicatis ergo pinnicidiis B, C, ut EBF, ECG sint in rectae,
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              angulus BAC vitiose metietur distantiam, critque iusto
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              maior, quia interior quam BEC super eadem basi. </s>
              <s>Arcus itaque BC maior
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              iusto, quia oculi profunditas EA non patitur centra A, E instrumenti et oculi
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              coniungi .... Archimedes igitur in libello De Arenae numero cautionem.... ”
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              (Francof. </s>
              <s>1604, pag. </s>
              <s>212). E seguita a descrivere e a commentare i metodi </s>
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