Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="394"/>
              runs down on to the lower layer of wood; and when this is consumed by
                <lb/>
              the fire, the metal is collected. </s>
              <s>If necessity demand, it is melted over and
                <lb/>
              over again in the same manner, but it is finally melted by means of wood
                <lb/>
              laid over the large crucible, the slabs of lead being placed upon it.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The concentrates from washing are smelted together with slags (fluxes?)
                <lb/>
              in a third furnace, of which the tap-hole is always open.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>It is worth while to build vaulted dust-chambers over the furnaces,
                <lb/>
              especially over those in which the precious ores are to be smelted, in order
                <lb/>
              that the thicker part of the fumes, in which metals are not wanting, may be
                <lb/>
              caught and saved. </s>
              <s>In this way two or more furnaces are combined under the
                <lb/>
              same vaulted ceiling, which is supported by the wall, against which the
                <lb/>
              furnaces are built, and by four columns. </s>
              <s>Under this the smelters of the
                <lb/>
              ore perform their work. </s>
              <s>There are two openings through which the fumes
                <lb/>
              rise from the furnaces into the wide vaulted chamber, and the wider this is the
                <lb/>
              more fumes it collects; in the middle of this chamber over the arch is an opening
                <lb/>
              three palms high and two wide. </s>
              <s>This catches the fumes of both furnaces,
                <lb/>
              which have risen up from both sides of the vaulted chamber to its arch, and
                <lb/>
              have fallen again because they could not force their way out; and they thus
                <lb/>
              pass out through the opening mentioned, into the chimney which the Greeks
                <lb/>
              call
                <foreign lang="grc">καπνοδόχη,</foreign>
              the name being taken from the object. </s>
              <s>The chimney has
                <lb/>
              thin iron plates fastened into the walls, to which the thinner metallic sub­
                <lb/>
              stances adhere when ascending with the fumes. </s>
              <s>The thicker metallic
                <lb/>
              substances, or
                <emph type="italics"/>
              cadmia,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph type="sup"/>
              25
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              adhere to the vaulted chamber, and often
                <lb/>
              harden into stalactites. </s>
              <s>On one side of the chamber is a window in which
                <lb/>
              are set panes of glass, so that the light may be transmitted, but the fumes
                <lb/>
              kept in; on the other side is a door, which is kept entirely closed while the
                <lb/>
              ores are being smelted in the furnaces, so that none of the fumes may escape.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>It is opened in order that the workman, passing through it, may be enabled
                <lb/>
              to enter the chamber and remove the soot and
                <emph type="italics"/>
              pompholyx
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph type="sup"/>
              26
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              and chip off
                <lb/>
              </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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