Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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<
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>CHAP. IX.</
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Some Things worthy Memorial, relating to Stones, left us by the Ancients.
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<
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>It will not be foreign to our Purpoſe to hear
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what a Variety there is in Stones, and
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what admirable Qualities ſome are endued
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with, that we may be able to apply each to its
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propereſt Uſe. </
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<
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>In the Territory of
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Bolſena
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and
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Stratone,
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they tell us there is a Stone extremely
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proper for all Manner of Buildings, which nei
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ther Fire nor any Injuries of Weather ever af
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fects, and which preſerves the Lineaments of
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Statues beyond any other.
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Tacitus
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writes, that
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when
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Nero
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repaired the City, which lay in
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Ruins by the Flames, he made uſe of the
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Al
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banian
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and
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Gabinian
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Stone for Beams, becauſe
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the Fire never hurts that Stone.</
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<
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>IN the Territory of the
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Genoeſe
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and of
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Ve
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nice,
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in the Dutchy of
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Spoletto,
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in the March
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of
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Anconia,
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and near
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Burgundy,
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they find a
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white Stone, which is eaſily cut with a Saw
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and poliſh'd, which if it were not for the
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Weakneſs and Brittleneſs of its Nature, would
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be uſed by every body; but any thing of
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Froſt or Wet rots and breaks it, and it is not
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ſtrong enough to reſiſt the Winds from the
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Sea.
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Iſtria
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produces a Stone very like Marble,
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but if touch'd either by Flame or Vapour, it
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immediately flies in Pieces, which indeed is
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ſaid to be the Caſe of all Stones, eſpecially of
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Flint both white and black, that they cannot
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endure Fire.</
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<
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>IN the
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Campagna di Roma
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is a Stone of the
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Colour of black Aſhes, in which there ſeems
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to be Coals mix'd and interſpers'd, which is
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beyond Imagination eaſy to be wrought with
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Iron, thoroughly ſound, and not weak againſt
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Fire or Weather; but it is ſo dry and thirſty,
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that it preſently drinks and burns up the Moi
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ſture of the Cement, and reduces it perfectly
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into Powder, ſo that the Junctures opening,
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the Work preſently decays and falls to Ruins.
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<
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>But round Stones, and eſpecially thoſe which
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are found in Rivers, are of a Nature directly
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contrary; for being always moiſt, they never
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bind with the Cement. </
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<
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>But what a ſurprizing
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Diſcovery is this which has been made, name
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ly, that the Marble in the Quarry grows! in
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theſe our Days they have found at
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Rome
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under
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Ground a Number of ſmall Pieces of
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Trever
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tine
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Stone, very porous and ſpungy, which by
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the Nouriſhment (if we may ſo call it) given
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it by the Earth and by Time, are grown to
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gether into one Piece.</
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<
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>IN the Lake
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di pie di Luco,
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in that Part
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where the Water tumbles down a broken Pre
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cipice into the River
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Nera,
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you may perceive
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that the upper Edge of the Bank has grown
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continually, inſomuch that ſome have believ'd
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that this Encreaſe and Growth of the Stone
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has in Length of Time cloſed up the Mouth
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of the Valley and turn'd it into a Lake.</
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<
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>BELOW
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la Baſilicata,
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not far from the River
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Silari,
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on that Side where the Water flows
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from ſome high Rocks towards the Eaſt, there
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are daily ſeen to grow huge Pieces of hanging
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Stone, of ſuch a Magnitude, that any one of
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them would be a Load for ſeveral Carts. </
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<
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>This
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Stone while it is freſh and moiſt with its natu
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ral Juices, is very ſoft; but when it is dry, it
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grows extremely hard, and very good for all
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Manner of Uſes. </
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>
<
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>I have known the like hap
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pen in ancient Aqueducts, whoſe Mouths,
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having contracted a Kind of Gummineſs, have
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ſeem'd incruſted all over with Stone. </
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<
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>There
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are two very remarkable Things to be ſeen at
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this Day in
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Romania:
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In the Country of
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Imola
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is a very ſteep Torrent, which daily
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throws out, ſometimes in one Place and ſome
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times in another, a great Number of round
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Stones, generated within the Bowels of the
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Earth: In the Territory of
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Faenza,
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on the
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Banks of the River
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Lamona,
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there are found a
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great many Stones, naturally long and large,
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which continually throw out a conſiderable
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Quantity of Salt, which in Proceſs of Time is
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thought to grow into Stone too. </
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<
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>In that of
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<
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Florence,
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near the River
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Chiane,
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there is a Piece
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of Ground all ſtrew'd over with hard Stones,
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which every ſeven Years diſſolve into Clods of
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Earth.</
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Pliny
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relates, that near
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Cizicus,
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and about
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Caſſandra,
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the Clods of Earth turn into Stone.
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</
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<
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>In
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Pozzuolo
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there is a Duſt which hardens into
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Stone, if mix'd with Sea-water. </
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<
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>All the Way
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upon the Shore from
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Oropus
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to
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Aulis,
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every
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thing that is waſh'd by the Sea is petrified.
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<
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Diodorus
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writes, that in
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Arabia
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the Clods dug
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out of the Ground have a ſweet Smell, and </
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