Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001712">
                <pb pagenum="395" xlink:href="016/01/044.jpg"/>
              lebat plumbeam pilam admodum exiguam,
                <lb/>
              quæ tamen foramini conueniret, tanto
                <lb/>
              impetu, vt tabulam tranſuerberaret. </s>
              <s id="s.001713">Secu­
                <lb/>
              ra res, ſine ſtrepitu, & pulueris diſpendio
                <lb/>
              tria habens hæc commoda: ſed totidem in­
                <lb/>
              commoda, grauitatem, magnitudinem, &
                <lb/>
              pro magnitudine imbecillitatem. </s>
              <s id="s.001714">Quòd ſi
                <lb/>
              igne ictus moliamur, breuiore longè ac mi­
                <lb/>
              nore inſtrumento indigebimus: igitur plus
                <lb/>
              ignis quàm aër, & plus aër quàm aqua im­
                <lb/>
              pellunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001715">Cauſa duplex eſt, quòd in impul­
                <lb/>
              ſu non ſolum mouere, ſed etiam moueri
                <lb/>
              neceſſe eſt: at rariora facillimè moueri, &
                <lb/>
              ob hoc maximo cum impetu, demonſtraui­
                <lb/>
              mus, itaque ictum edent magnum. </s>
              <s id="s.001716">Alte­
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              ra, quòd quæ rara ſunt, maximè cogi poſ­
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              ſunt, quòd multum diſtent ab extrema den­
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              ſitate: aqua autem cum denſitatem terræ
                <lb/>
              ſubierit, vlteriùs tranſferri minimè poteſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001717">Machina igitur omnis aut magna neceſſa­
                <lb/>
              riò eſt, vel debilem ictum edit, aut magno
                <lb/>
              cum ſtrepitu: nam quæ cum igne, ſtrepi­
                <lb/>
              tum dictam ob rationem faciunt: quæ au­
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              tem cum aëre, aut magnæ ſunt, vt catapultæ,
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              baliſtæ aut paruos edunt ictus. </s>
              <s id="s.001718">Sed ſolent ſa­
                <lb/>
              gittas ſcorpionibus, non pilas imponere,
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              non ſolum quòd leuiores ſint, ſed etiam
                <lb/>
              quòd acie ictus magnitudinem ſuppleant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001719">Certum eſt Brixelenſem fabrum, ſcorpio­
                <lb/>
              nem palmi magnitudine totum ex chalybe
                <lb/>
              ſic temperaſſe, vt mœchum vxoris ſuæ oc­
                <lb/>
              cultato ſub mantello inſtrumento occiderit.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg179"/>
                <lb/>
              Sic tutò & ſine ſtrepitu ac ſuſpicione (nam
                <lb/>
              plerunque puluis odore prodit inſidias
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ma­
                <lb/>
              ximam iniuriam vlciſci meditatus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001720">Idem
                <lb/>
              horologium in annulli gemma conſtituit,
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              quod mala circumagebatur, & horas indi­
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              cabat, non ſolùm ſagitta, ſed ictu. </s>
              <s id="s.001721">Hic idem
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              nauim miro conſtruxit artificio, in qua mu­
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              lier teſtudinem pulſabat, & motu remo­
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              rum viri rotis ſuppoſitis, quaſi ad con­
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              centum agitantes remos, nauim impelle­
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              bant.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg180"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001722">
                <margin.target id="marg178"/>
              Machina
                <lb/>
              quæ ſine igne
                <lb/>
              ferit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001723">
                <margin.target id="marg179"/>
              Scorpio mi­
                <lb/>
              rus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001724">
                <margin.target id="marg180"/>
              Inſtrumen­
                <lb/>
              tum mirabi­
                <lb/>
              le ad
                <expan abbr="cribrã">cribram</expan>
                <lb/>
              dum
                <expan abbr="farinã">farinam</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001725">Etſi hæc quaſi parerga dicta videri poſ­
                <lb/>
              ſint, vt tamen artificioſam hominum inuen­
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              tionem edoceam, quæ ab aëris natura ortum
                <lb/>
              ſumpſit, pulcherrimum inſtrumentum quo
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              farina cribratur, à triennio citra inuentum,
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              edocere ſtatui, vt ſimul intelligant homi­
                <lb/>
              nes, quàm leuibus rebus, modò ſint ingenio­
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              ſæ, opes liceat comparare. </s>
              <s id="s.001726">Nam nunc cùm
                <lb/>
              piſtores omnes ob vtilitatem habeant, ille
                <lb/>
              verò priuilegium conſecutus ſit à Cæſare,
                <lb/>
              ne quis habere poſſit præter eius conſen­
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              ſum, vitam ex hac agit induſtria, & adeò
                <lb/>
              breui tempore ſibi domum ædificauit. </s>
              <s id="s.001727">Ne­
                <lb/>
              que enim piſtores ſoli, ſed collegia ſacerdo­
                <lb/>
              tum, & virginum Deo ſacrarum, & nobiles
                <lb/>
              quicunque familiam magnam alunt, ob
                <lb/>
              egregiam vtilitatem ( ne dicam neceſſita­
                <lb/>
              tem ) habent: plures etiam alij, quos non
                <lb/>
              tam vtilitas, quam ipſa rei admiratio inci­
                <lb/>
              tauit, facere curauere. </s>
              <s id="s.001728">Ipſius autem ſtructura
                <lb/>
              ſequitur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001729">Rota eſt B parua, in cuius extremo ambi­
                <lb/>
              tu A manubrium quo circumagi poſſit:
                <lb/>
              hæc duo extra machinam protenduntur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001730">In rotæ mediæ bacillum C, quod motu ro­
                <lb/>
              tæ circumuertitur, cui in C duo denticuli li­
                <lb/>
              gnei ex aduerſo poſiti, aliique proximi duo,
                <lb/>
              & ipſi ex aduerſo poſiti, verum quaſi inter­
                <lb/>
              medio loco priorum, vt cum ſemel rota cir­
                <lb/>
                <figure id="id.016.01.044.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/044/1.jpg" number="28"/>
                <lb/>
              cumagitur, quater tangat lignum latum, imò
                <lb/>
              tabellam DE vtrinque ſuſpenſam capſulæ:
                <lb/>
              vt rota vertente, tabella tremulo motu dum
                <lb/>
              denticulis tangitur perpetuo agitetur. </s>
              <s id="s.001731">Por­
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              rò lignum C, & tabulæ pars parua capſula
                <lb/>
              circum teguntur: ligno ſeu tabellæ DE ſu­
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              perſtat cribrum pollinarium FG obliquè
                <lb/>
              pendens, & ex G appenſum in H ne exci­
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              dat: hoc tenuibus tabulis imò tenuiſſimis,
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              ac leuiſſimis vndequaque conſtat, præter­
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              quam in medio vbi cribro farina excutitur:
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              nam vt ſolet pars ea tela linea conſtat. </s>
              <s id="s.001732">Cap­
                <lb/>
              ſa hæc omnia vndequaque concluſa conti­
                <lb/>
              nentur: in cuius ſupremo capſula K iacet,
                <lb/>
              atque in ea quadrata quaſi lignea patina
                <lb/>
              leuiſſima, in qua farina iacet: hæc ſic ſuſ­
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              penſa eſt, vt facilè concuti poſſit: concuti­
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              tur autem funiculo ei annexo altera rotæ
                <lb/>
              parte, dextra ſcilicet iuxta B. </s>
              <s id="s.001733">Memineris
                <lb/>
              etiam cribrum FG vtroque ex capite pa­
                <lb/>
              tere ſupremo, vt farinam excipiat à patina:
                <lb/>
              infimo, vt furfur eiiciat ex G. </s>
              <s id="s.001734">Tota autem
                <lb/>
              capſa trifarlam diuiditur in LMN, erectis
                <lb/>
              ſeptis ex tenuibus tabulis firmis ac omninò
                <lb/>
              immobilibus. </s>
              <s id="s.001735">Poteſt & ſi libet quadrifariam
                <lb/>
              diuidi. </s>
              <s id="s.001736">Hoc igitur conſtituto, cum circum­
                <lb/>
              agitur B rota, funiculus concutit patellam,
                <lb/>
              & denticuli tabellam: patella excutit fari­
                <lb/>
              nam in cribrum F G, tabella cribrum con­
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              cutit: ac fit vt tenuiſſimus flos farinæ pri­
                <lb/>
              mò excutiatur, cadatque in NM, parte cap­
                <lb/>
              ſulæ: deſcendens verò cum vehementius
                <lb/>
              agitetur, pars inferior excutitur alia minus
                <lb/>
              ſyncera in LM, inde vltimò deſcendit per
                <lb/>
              os cribri infernum & ſurſum totius in LO:
                <lb/>
              atque ita tria ſeorſum colliguntur, flos fa­
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              rinæ in MN, farina craſſa in ML, furfur in
                <lb/>
              LO: Quæ verò circumuolat farina tota, ne­
                <lb/>
              ceſſariò iterum redit ad locum ſuum, vt ni­
                <lb/>
              hil penitus pereat, quoniam capſula nullibi
                <lb/>
              tranſpirat. </s>
              <s id="s.001737">Oportet autem ( quod ipſa ra­
                <lb/>
              tione facilè percipis ) FG cribrum non ni­
                <lb/>
              mis eſſe accliue: nam farina vſque ad G per­
                <lb/>
              ueniret, & cum furfure eiiceretur. </s>
              <s id="s.001738">Quamo­
                <lb/>
              brem ſi ſeptum Luſque ad os cribri tranſtu­
                <lb/>
              leris, vel aliud ſeptum, vt in P, adieceris, ſi­
                <lb/>
              mul etiam paululum, vt vides, os ipſum G
                <lb/>
              ſuperius recuraueris, ne vel oboli iacturam
                <lb/>
              feceris farinæ. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001739">Nunc quanta ex hoc ſequantur
                <expan abbr="inſtrumẽ-to">inſtrumen­
                  <lb/>
                to</expan>
                <expan abbr="cõmoda">commoda</expan>
              , intellige. </s>
              <s id="s.001740">Primum, vnius hominis
                <lb/>
              labore, qui rotam verſat & farinam impo­
                <lb/>
              nit patellæ, & cum loci pleni fuerint, cribra­
                <lb/>
              tam colligit ac furfur, trium operariorum
                <lb/>
              vices ſupplet. </s>
              <s id="s.001741">Secundum eſt, quod ad hoc
                <lb/>
              opus cum neque adeò ſit laborioſum, nec
                <lb/>
              noxium, quilibet ſufficere poteſt vtileſque
                <lb/>
              geruli habentur, qui longè minore pretio
                <lb/>
              operariis conducuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.001742">Tertium, quòd tota
                <lb/>
              farina colligitur, nec quicquam perit, cum </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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