Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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will melt in Fire like Metal, and run into Stone;
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and he adds, that this Stone is of ſuch a Na
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ture, that when the Rain falls upon it in any
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Building, the Cement all diſſolves, and the
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Wall grows to be all of a Piece.</
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<
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>WE are told, that they find in
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Troas,
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a
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Stone very apt to cleave, call'd the
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Sarcopha
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gus,
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in which any dead Corpſe buried, is in
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tirely conſum'd in leſs than forty Days, all
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but the Teeth; and which is moſt ſurprizing,
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all the Habits, and every Thing buryed with
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the Body, turns into Stone. </
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>Of a contrary
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Nature to this is the Stone called
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Chernites,
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in which
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Darius
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was buried, for that preſerves
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the Body entire for a long Time. </
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>But of this
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Subject enough.</
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>CHAP. X.</
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Of the Origin of the Uſe of Bricks, in what Seaſon they ought to be made,
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aud in what Shapes, their different Sorts, and the Uſefulneſs of triangular
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Ones; and briefly, of all other Works made of baked Earth.
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<
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>It is certain the Ancients were very fond of
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uſing Bricks inſtead of Stone. </
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<
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>I confeſs,
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I believe that at firſt Men were put upon mak
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ing Bricks to ſupply the Place of Stone in
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their Buildings, thro' Scarcity and Want of it;
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but afterwards finding how ready they were
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in working, how well adapted both to Uſe
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and Beauty, how ſtrong and durable, they pro
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ceeded to make not only their ordinary Struc
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tures, but even their Palaces of Brick. </
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>At
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laſt, either by Accident or Induſtry, diſcover
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ing what Uſe Fire was of in hardening and
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ſtrengthening them, they began in moſt Places
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to bake the Bricks they built with. </
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<
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>And ſrom
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my own Obſervations upon the ancient Struc
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tures, I will be bold to ſay, that there is not a
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better Material for any Sort of Edifice than
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Brick, not crude but baked; provided a right
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Method be uſed in baking them. </
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<
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>But we will
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reſerve the Praiſes of Works make of Bricks
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for another Place.</
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<
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>OUR Buſineſs is to obſerve here, that a
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whitiſh chalky Earth is very much recom
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mended for making them. </
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>The reddiſh alſo
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is approved of, and that which is call'd male
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Sand. </
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>That which is abſolutely ſandy and
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gravelly is to be avoided, and the ſtony moſt
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of all; becauſe in baking it is ſubject to warp
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and crack, and if over baked will fret away of
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itſelf. </
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>We are adviſed not to make our Bricks
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of Earth freſh dug, but to dig it in the Au
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tumn, and leave it to digeſt all Winter, and to
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make it into Brick early in the Spring; for if
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you make it in Winter, it is obvious that the
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Froſt will crack it, and if you make it in the
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Middle of Summer, the exceſſive Heat will
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make it ſcale off in drying. </
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>But if Neceſſity
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obliges you to make it in Winter, in extreme
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cold Weather, cover it immediately over with
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very dry Sand, and if in Summer, with wet
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Straw; for being ſo kept, it will neither crack
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nor warp. </
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<
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>Some are for having their Bricks
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glazed; if ſo, you muſt take Care not to make
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them of Earth that is either ſandy, or too lean
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or dry; ſor theſe will ſuck and eat away the
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Glazing: But you muſt make them of a whitiſh
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fat Clay, and you muſt make them thin, for
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if they are too thick they will not bake tho
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rowly, and it is a great Chance but they ſplit;
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if you are oblig'd to have them thick, you may
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in a great Meaſure prevent that Inconveniency,
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if you make one or more little Holes in them
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about half Way through, whereby the Damp
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and Vapour having proper Vents, they will
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both dry and bake the better.</
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<
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>THE Petters rub their Veſſels over with
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Chalk, by which Means, the Glazing, when
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it is melted over it, makes an even Surface;
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the ſame Method may be uſed in making
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Bricks. </
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>I have obſerv'd in the Works of the
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Ancients, that their Bricks have a Mixture of a
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certain Proportion of Sand, and eſpecially of
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the red Sort, and I find they alſo mix'd them
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with red Earth, and even with Marble. </
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<
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>I know
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by Experience that the very ſame Earth will
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make harder and ſtronger Brick, if we take the
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Pains to knead every Lump two or three Times
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over, as if we were making of Bread, till it
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grows like Wax, and is perſectly clear of the
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leaſt Particle of Stone. </
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<
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>Theſe, when they have
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paſs'd the Fire will attain the Hardneſs even
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of a Flint, and whether owing to the Heat in
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baking, or the Air in drying, will get a Sort
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of a ſtrong Cruſt, as Bread does. </
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<
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>It will there
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fore be beſt to make them thin, that they
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may have the more Cruſt and the leſs Crum: </
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