Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002129">
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              deremus. </s>
              <s id="s.002130">Terra toto ſtabilis eſt, rotunda at­
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              que in medio mundi: hæc autem à Mathe­
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              maticis demonſtrantur. </s>
              <s id="s.002131">Nec enim plus tota
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              terra loco moueri poteſt, quam cœlum quieſ­
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              cere: nec montes terræ rotunditatem vllo mo­
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              do vitiant. </s>
              <s id="s.002132">Nam nullus mons, etſi multa ſcri­
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              ptores fabulentur, totius dimentientis terræ
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              milleſimam partem altitudine ſua obtinet. </s>
              <s id="s.002133">Sic
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                <expan abbr="autẽ">autem</expan>
              Mathematici terræ totius
                <expan abbr="ambitũ">ambitum</expan>
              ac di­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg229"/>
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                <expan abbr="metientẽ">metientem</expan>
                <expan abbr="inuenerũt">inuenerunt</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.002134">Vel enim per Lunæ
                <expan abbr="defe-ctushorarũ">defe­
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                ctus horarum</expan>
              diſtantiam in eodem circulo æqui­
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              noctiali æquidiſtanti
                <expan abbr="cognouerũt">cognouerunt</expan>
              : qua habita
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              terreno itinere differentiam locorum ſunt aſ­
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              ſecuti: eam per horas 24. vnius diei multi­
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              plicando, & per horas diſtantiæ defectus lu­
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              naris diuidendo, ambitum circuli illius inue­
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              nerunt: inde demonſtratione Geometrica am­
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              bitum æquinoctij circuli, maximíque ac to­
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              tius terræ, quem per ſeptem multiplicando,
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              & per 22. diuidendo, dimetientem terræ ſa­
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              tis exquiſita ratione ſunt conſecuti. </s>
              <s id="s.002135">Vel pro­
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              cedendo ab auſtro rectà ad boream, altitudi­
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              nem poli vna parte auxerunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002136">Metiti autem
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              viam 2000. paſſ. </s>
              <s id="s.002137">87. ac 500. inuenêre Italica.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002138">His enim nunc diſtantias locorum metimur,
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              non paſſibus Ptolomæi. </s>
              <s id="s.002139">Ergo ducti 87000.
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              paſſuum & 500. per partes cœli 360. nam in
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              totidem diuiditur, paſſ. </s>
              <s id="s.002140">1000. habebimus
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              31000. & 500. inſuper. </s>
              <s id="s.002141">Terræ totius ambi­
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              tum hunc ſi per ſeptem multiplicamus, &
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              per 22. diuiſerimus, erit terræ dimetientis
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              paſſ. </s>
              <s id="s.002142">MXMXXII. </s>
              <s id="s.002143">Sed in his velle ad amuſ­
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              ſim certam quærere ſubductis 22. eſſe 1000.
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              paſſ. </s>
              <s id="s.002144">decies mille. </s>
              <s id="s.002145">At qui nauigant multis er­
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              roribus acti, ſinuoſumque non rectum agen­
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              tes iter etiam ſpontè, tum incerto ventorum
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              impetu decepti, multò maiorem ambitum
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              terræ ſcripſerunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002146">Sed hæc ratio vt veriſſima
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              eſt, ita etiam maximè certo conſentit experi­
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              mento: iuuitque multum. </s>
              <s id="s.002147">Hiſpanos, qui cum
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg230"/>
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              tam diuturnum iter ac longum terræ magni­
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              tudini repugnare intelligerent, diligenti ra­
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              tione metiri errorem, illud fermè ad tertiam
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              partem tum ſpatij, tum temporis contra­
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              xêre.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg231"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002148">
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              Terræ toti
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              quæ propria.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002149">
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              Terræ totius
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              ambitus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002150">
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              Scire verita­
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              tem quan­
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              tum proſit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002151">
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              Terrarum
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              genera.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002152">Atque hæc ſunt ſubtilitatis beneficia. </s>
              <s id="s.002153">Ipſa
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              verò terra non vnius generis eſſe videtur
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              quamobrem Ariſtoteles rectè in duo diuiſit:
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              primò
                <foreign lang="grc">ὀρυκτά κὶ μεταλλ εντὰ</foreign>
              , id eſt, foſſilem
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              ac tranſmutabilem. </s>
              <s id="s.002154">Foſſilis eadem manet, &
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              verè terra eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002155">Tranſmutabilis ſpecie ſolum
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              & viſu: nam ea in metalla, vel ſuccos, aut
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              alia eiuſcemodi tranſit: de hac ſuo loco dice­
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              mus. </s>
              <s id="s.002156">Veræ autem terræ ſpecies duæ: altera
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              quidem ſyncera: pullo colori hæc eſt, aut ei
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              proximo: altera quam non eſt ſyncera, nec
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              tamen quicquam continet meta licum, alte­
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              rius eſt coloris. </s>
              <s id="s.002157">Omnis enim terra quæ alie­
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              no colore prædita eſt, exhalatione permutata
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              fuit, iuxta Ariſtotelis ſententiam. </s>
              <s id="s.002158">At Theo­
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              phraſtus putat caloris varietatem eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.002159">Sed
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              vtrumque verum eſt: nam modò ſub ea me­
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              tallica inueniuntur, & hæc exhalatione tin­
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              gitur: modò nihil, & hæc à ſolo calore: Ve­
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              rum quæ ab exhalatione tingitur, quaſi ſplen­
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              det: quæ ſolo calore, non ſplendet, & calo­
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              rem habet obſcurum, aut ferreum, aut ni­
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              grum. </s>
              <s id="s.002160">Terræ etenim colores totidem ſunt,
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              quot colorum genera:
                <foreign lang="grc">ὠχρὰ</foreign>
              quæ candida eſt:
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              alia lutea, vt argillæ quoddam genus à Lati­
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              nis Sil vocatum: viridis vt chryſocolla, ru­
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              bea vt ſandaracha, cærulea vt
                <foreign lang="grc">κύανος</foreign>
              : nigra vt
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              pnigitis, quæ metalli nihil continet: & quan­
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              quam alia exemplo metallicorum declaratæ
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              ſint, non tamen de his intelligimus, quando­
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              quidem ſynceræ à metallis inueniantur, quæ
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              hos colores exquiſitiſſimè referunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002161">Sunt &
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              terræ croceæ ( vt dixi ) & pullæ, & quæ tin­
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              guntur, vt Erethria æri confricata, fit viola­
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              cea. </s>
              <s id="s.002162">Strato Lampſacenus albam terram cine­
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              ris argumento exiſtimabat. </s>
              <s id="s.002163">Sunt qui Ariſto­
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              teli tribuant, quòd terram nullius eſſe coloris
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              exiſtimauerit. </s>
              <s id="s.002164">Nos hîc doctrinam tradimus
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              quæ ſenſuum confirmatur teſtimonio, has nu­
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              gas nihil curantes: atque ideo pullam dixi­
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              mus, quòd ſyncera plerunque talis ſit: & quæ
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              talis eſt, plerunque etiam ſit optima. </s>
              <s id="s.002165">Optima
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              igitur terra non ſemper vnius eſt coloris,
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              quanquam ( vt dixi) pulla ſit plerunque: ve­
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              rùm & quædam nigra optima eſt, argilloſa
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              quaſi & quæ nulla labe corrupta. </s>
              <s id="s.002166">Labes ſunt,
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              arida, ſcabra, exeſa, caneſcens, pumicoſa, fi­
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              ſtuloſa. </s>
              <s id="s.002167">Sterilis eſt & in qua herbæ nudis ſpi­
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              nis longis & acutis, aut geniſtæ, aut erica
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              naſcuntur: hæc autem ſi quid aliud improbi­
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              tatis ſoli certum eſt indicium. </s>
              <s id="s.002168">Nec ſolùm hæc
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              ſed cùm frequens eſt genus vnum herbæ quod
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              in pratis non vides, ſed tantum locis incultis
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              & aridis. </s>
              <s id="s.002169">Quæ igitur tenuiſſima eſt, argillo­
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              ſa, mollis, aquas optimè ſuſcipiens, ac colo­
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              res reddens, quæ vitiis caret, quæ cum ſic­
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              catur, imbréque inſpergitur, odorem emittit
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              ſuauiſſimum, ea optima arboribus ac frugi­
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              bus erit. </s>
              <s id="s.002170">Sed cur hæc terra bene olet poſt lon­
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              gas ſiccitates imbre madefacta tenui? </s>
              <s id="s.002171">Id pror­
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              ſus accidit, quoniam per ſiccitates humor
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              modicus qui in terra continetur, à moderato
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              calore ac naturali concoquitur, inde imbre
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              ſuperueniente miſcetur aquæ atque exhalat,
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              atque ideo fragrat optimè, quòd etiam opti­
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              mè concoctum eſt: igitur odoris ſuauitas
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              temperati caloris, atque ideo feracitatis ma­
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              ximæ indicium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002172">Licet & ab opere ipſo fa­
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              cilè coniectari: nam cùm in ea herbæ atque
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              arbores luxuriant, maximè quæ pingue ſolum
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              expoſcunt, certum ſoli bonitatis argumentum
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              habes. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002173">
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              Cauſæ varie­
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              tatis calo­
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              rum terræ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002174">
                <margin.target id="marg233"/>
              Terræ colo­
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              res.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002175">
                <margin.target id="marg234"/>
              Terra opti­
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              ma.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002176">
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              Cur terræ
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              optima im­
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              bre conſperſa
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              bene olet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002177">At terræ ex ſubſtantia triplex eſt genus,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg236"/>
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              craſſum, & vocatur arena: tenue, & eſt ar­
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              gillaceum: & mediocre, quòd commune eſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002178">En iam vides etiam in ipſis terris ſubtilitatis
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              præſtantiam: nam vt arena ſterilis eſt, ita
                <lb/>
              etiam omni fermè operi figulino inepta: at
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              argilla & fœcunda plantis, & figulis aptiſſi­
                <lb/>
              ma eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002179">Argilloſa etenim quæcunque trifo­
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              lium fert optima, quæ gramen, proxima pro
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              paſcuis. </s>
              <s id="s.002180">Quæ rutam caprariam, frugefera eſt:
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              quæ vitem bene alit, optima eſt omnibus ar­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg237"/>
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              boribus tametſi olea vitem refugiat. </s>
              <s id="s.002181">Cùm
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              igitur terra alia frugibus alia paſcuis, alia ar­
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              boribus maximè apta ſit, vnumquodque ge­
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              nus à proprio ſigno cognoſces. </s>
              <s id="s.002182">Verum in lo­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg238"/>
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              cis vbi medica prouenit, nullum eſt pro paſ­
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              cuis certius ſignum illius herbæ copia. </s>
              <s id="s.002183">Ex ar­
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              gillaceo etiam genere fuit terra illa candida,
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              quam Taſconium olim vocabant, ex qua in
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              montium iugis ſpeculas faciebant in Hiſpa­
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              nia, & nunc ( vt Georgius Agricola medicus,
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              vir inſignis refert) apud Coruerium Saxoniæ
                <lb/>
              oppidum turris: nam ea ſecurios eſt ignibus, </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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