Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002183">
                <pb pagenum="404" xlink:href="016/01/053.jpg"/>
              ventis, imbribus quam quæ cæmento & la­
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              pidibus conſtat: à ventis ob grauitatem tuta
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              eſt: ab ignibus magis dureſcit: ab aquis, quòd
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              non recipiat, tuta eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002184">Pinguem ac prætenuem
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              & denſam eam eſſe oportet, atque ob id
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              etiam raram. </s>
              <s id="s.002185">Quædam etiam frigore tenuior
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              redditur, vt Goſſelaria, quæ cùm in fruſtis ſit,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg239"/>
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              frigore fit minutiſſima. </s>
              <s id="s.002186">Arena verò trium eſt
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              generum, fluuiatilis, marina, & foſſitia. </s>
              <s id="s.002187">Sed
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              & in hac ſubtilitas non paruum diſcrimen af­
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              fert: quæ enim tenuiſſima fuerit, cæmenta fa­
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              cit ad æterna murorum fundamenta, modò
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              pura ſit tam parua ſubtilitate vita ſtructuris
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              multis ſeculis aut adiicitur, aut perit: melior
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              tamen fluuiatilis, ſit nulla arte iuuetur, quod
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg240"/>
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              ſalſedine careat, & purior ſit foſſitia. </s>
              <s id="s.002188">Sunt &
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              terrarum diſcrimina ab vſibus vt communis,
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              quæ probatur ab agricolis, à figulis argilla, à
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              lignariis fabris rubrica, fullonibus cimolia,
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              pictoribus cærulea, Lemnia medicis, argen­
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              taria fabris argentariis. </s>
              <s id="s.002189">Hæc omnia aquis &
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              calore variantur & perficiuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.002190">Vnde nihil
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              melius eſt quàm terras habere irriguas, nam in
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              omne frugum, arborum, & herbarum genus
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              luxuriant.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg241"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002191">
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              Terræ ſpecie
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              à ſubſtantia</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002192">
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              Signa cogno­
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              ſcendæ terræ.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002193">
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              Muri è ter­
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              ra.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002194">
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              Arenæ gene­
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              ra.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002195">
                <margin.target id="marg240"/>
              Terræ ſpe­
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              cies ab vſu.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002196">
                <margin.target id="marg241"/>
              Quomodo
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              terra aquis
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              ſuperemi­
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              neant,
                <expan abbr="ſeptẽ">ſeptem</expan>
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              opiniones.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002197">Sed quomodo terræ aquis ſupereminere
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              poſſint rectè dubitatum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002198">Dixêre nonnulli,
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              quoniam Deo id placuit. </s>
              <s id="s.002199">Hi magis vitupe­
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              rant, quòd rationem inuenire nequiuerit,
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              quam Deum laudent, quod abſque ratione po­
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              tuerit. </s>
              <s id="s.002200">Qui dicunt hoc animalium cauſa fa­
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              ctum eſſe, finem quidem docent cur factum
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              ſit: ſed ad aſſequendum finem aliis opus eſt
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              cauſis, quas illi minimè docent. </s>
              <s id="s.002201">Sunt qui di­
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              cant à ſideribus ipſam ſuſtineri: primum hoc
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              violentum eſt: deinde ſydera fixa & immobi­
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              lia fuiſſe oportuit, atque (quod maius eſt è re­
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              gione oppoſita, vt quædam ſub arctico Euro­
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              pam, alia ſub auſtro Braſiliam, quæ Europæ
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              opponitur, ſuſtinerent. </s>
              <s id="s.002202">Si duo ſtatuas centra,
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              alterum aquæ, alterum terræ: primum, alte­
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              rum aliud erit à mundi centro: duóque gra­
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              uitatis media, nec poterunt ex oppoſiti re­
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              gionibus partes terræ prominere, cùm tamen
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              promineant, vt Braſilia & Europa: nec erunt
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              Antipodes. </s>
              <s id="s.002203">Qui volunt terram ab aëre ſuſti­
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              neri in ſpeciebus concluſo, violenter vtrum­
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              que ſtatuat, & terram in ſublimi aëre ſuſten­
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              tatam, & aërem vi in ſpecubus retentum:
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              oportet etiam ingentes eſſe ſpecus, qui
                <expan abbr="Aſiã">Aſiam</expan>
              ,
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              Africam, & Europam, Braſiliam, tótque in­
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              ſulas ſuſtinerent, & ſi rectè conſiderant, tota
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              terra ſpecus vnus erit, mirúmque nec mini­
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              mo hiatu patêre tantum molem, vt ſi pateat,
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              orbis corruat vniuerſus: nec in illum pulſo
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              aëre tantam aquarum molem deſcendere. </s>
              <s id="s.002204">Ari­
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              ſtoteles in Meteoris cenſet, ob polum, quod
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              altior ibi ſit terra, aquam non admittere. </s>
              <s id="s.002205">Sed
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              non ſic terra rotunda foret, nec ſub æquino­
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              ctiali terra, nec altitudo illa comparationem
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              haberet ad differentiam loci terræ & aquæ.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002206">Finge, enim quod haud verum eſſe poteſt, ter­
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              ram M. milibus paſſuum altiorem eſſe, ſi lo­
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              cus aquæ circa terram ſit, iſque pro magnitu­
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              dinis ratione terra altior bis mille paſſibus
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              adhuc ſub arctico ipſo, terra erit ſub aquis
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              M. millibus paſſ. </s>
              <s id="s.002207">multóque magis vbique lo­
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              corum aliorum. </s>
              <s id="s.002208">Putet me plus ob viri auto­
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              ritatem illum hæc dixiſſe, quam reprehenſio­
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              nis, in quam veritatis amore me tractum vi
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              omnes intelligunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002209">Igitur hoc verum non eſt,
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              aquam adeò magnam eſſe, nec totius terræ
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              partem eſſe notatu dignam: quia tamen ob
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              leuitatem terræ ſuperſtat parua aqua, quicquid
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              eſt humile ac inæquale in terræ ſuperficie
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              complet. </s>
              <s id="s.002210">Hacque ratione dum tot maria fa­
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              cit, ampliſſimumque oceanum tot flumina,
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              maior terra exiſtimata eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002211">Quòd ſi ad ambi­
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              tum ſolum reſpiciamus, forſan res vera eſſe
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              poſſet: at cùm ad profunditatem, nullam ha­
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              bet comparationem. </s>
              <s id="s.002212">Indicio eſt, quod nullibi
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              præterquam in gurgitibus aqua maris pro­
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              funditatem habet effatu dignam, ſed alibi paſ­
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              ſus 1000. aut 500. aut 200. vel 300. quæ al­
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              titudo ſi ad terræ magnitudinem comparetur,
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              eſt vt ſudoris ad hominem. </s>
              <s id="s.002213">In gurgitibus ali­
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              quanto profundior eſt aqua, quòd par ſit lo­
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              cum eum potius aqua quam leuiſſimo aëre
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              compleri. </s>
              <s id="s.002214">Solida igitur eſt ſubtus terra, in
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              parte modicum aquæ ob cauitatem infuſum
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              ſit: alicubi parum aëris, non multum, paucis
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              annis, non perpetuò, continetur. </s>
              <s id="s.002215">Quòd ſi
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              aqua elementum eſſet ac adeò grande, opor.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002216">teret vt etiam in terra, ſic maximam maris
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              partem fundo carere. </s>
              <s id="s.002217">Nam certum eſt, ſi
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              pro 1000. paſſ. </s>
              <s id="s.002218">1000. paſſuum millia obtine­
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              ret, aut duplum huius quod par eſſet magni­
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              tudinem, ſi tantam quantam exiſtimant ha­
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              beret, nullum fundi veſtigium ſuperfuturum.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002219">Quòd cùm vbique præter quam in gurgitibus
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              (vt dixi ) appareat: gurges autem omnis an­
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              guſtus ſit manifeſtum eſt aquæ elementum
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              non admodum magnum eſſe. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002220">Itaque tria elementa ſunt, quorum leuiſſi­
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              mum & maximum aër, proximum magnitu­
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              dine terra, ambo hæc per ſe neceſſaria: quo­
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              rum aër in ſublimi, terra in imo: minimum
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              ac quaſi non neceſſarium aqua in medio ho­
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              rum. </s>
              <s id="s.002221">Nam ſi homines ſine cibo viuere poſ­
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              ſent, vt gratia exempli lapides, aqua non
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              eſſet neceſſaria. </s>
              <s id="s.002222">Verùm quia non ſolùm vi­
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              uere, ſed ali ac generari, creſceréque neceſ­
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              ſarium fuit, aqua creata eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002223">Cùm igitur lo­
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              cus aquæ capacior ſit elemento aquæ, eſt enim
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              quicquid humile eſt in terra, ob hoc terra
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              vndique extuberat continente, inſuliſque, &
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              hominibus ac cæteris animalibus habitatio­
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              nem præbet. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002224">
                <margin.target id="marg242"/>
              Elemento­
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              rum magni­
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              tudo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002225">Igitur ex hoc manifeſtum eſt, quonam pa­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg243"/>
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              cto facilè fiant inundationes, quas diluuia
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              ſolent appellare. </s>
              <s id="s.002226">Nam cum aqua modica ſit
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              natura, atque in terræ ſuperficie conſtituta,
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              ſi paululum increſcat, humilia loca obruit,
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              ac breui etiam reuocatur, quia parua eſt etiam
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              cum aucta fuerit. </s>
              <s id="s.002227">At ſi tanta quanta exiſti­
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              mabatur foret, maximo indigeret incremen­
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              to ad inundationes. </s>
              <s id="s.002228">Quamobrem nunquam
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              accidiſſent inundationes: & ſi modò accidiſ­
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              ſent, vix vnquam, niſi extincto penitùs hu­
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              mano genere, potuiſſent reuocari: pluribuſ­
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              que annis, non menſibus ſub aqua terra la­
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              tuiſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.002229">At vt Plato recitat, non ſemel fuêre,
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              ſed pluries, hæ inundationes: & rurſus paucis
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              menſibus deſiêre. </s>
              <s id="s.002230">Pauca facta eſt igitur, vt
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              locus habitationi relinqueretur, vt ſua frigi­
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              ditate temperaret, non deſtrueret vitam ani­
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              mantium. </s>
              <s id="s.002231">Et quoniam hæc miniſtrorum ge­
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              neratio ſolùm in terræ ſuperficie erat neceſſa­
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              ria, ob id igitur vt ſuperficiem ſolam occu­
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              paret, in qua metalla, plantæ, animalia, piſces </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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