Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
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          <chap>
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              <s id="s.002231">
                <pb pagenum="405" xlink:href="016/01/054.jpg"/>
              ali oportebat ac generari, pauca, & in ſuper­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg245"/>
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              ficie terræ facta eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002232">At quia periculum non
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              leue erat, ne ab aëre ac Solis radiis nimium
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              conſumeretur, motus perpetuus illi adiun­
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              ctus eſt: ob idque, quia non mouentur
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              aquæ
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              (
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              vt dixi) celeriter computreſcunt, &
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              multum reſoluuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.002233">Cautum eſt etiam il­
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              lius generationi ſub polis & immotibus
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              cumque terra ſub torrida nimium exurere­
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              tur, cauit natura, vt locus ille humillimus
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              eſſet, atque ob id aquæ omnes fluunt verſus
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              meridiem. </s>
              <s id="s.002234">Sib & Nilus quanquam ex Lunæ
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              montibus oriatur iuxta Capricorni circu­
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              lum, attamen tranſgreſſus æquinoctij circu­
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              lum totam penetrat zonam torridam eodem
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              impetu in noſtrum mare delatus iuxta Ale­
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              xandriam. </s>
              <s id="s.002235">Oportuit igitur ibi frigidi & hu­
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              midi elementi maximam partem conſiſtere
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              vbi maior illius erat neceſſitas ob Solis ca­
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              lorem. </s>
              <s id="s.002236">Simul verò cautum eſt ſecuritati in­
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              termediorum locorum nam fluente aqua in
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              eandem ſemper partem, regiones ſubmergi
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              non poterant: quod & cauent qui agros
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              liberant ab inundatione, & qui paludes ſic­
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              cant: ergo ſi non eſſet aquarum ad decli­
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              uia lapſus, iam tota terra palus eſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.002237">Vt
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              verò decliuior eſſet locus verſus meridiem,
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              & paulò altior iuxta polos, calor Solis con­
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              ſumens effecit, & frigus iuxta polos montes
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              altiſſimos ſeruans: iam enim docuimus
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              quòd calor conſumit & exedit, frigus con­
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              ſeruat. </s>
              <s id="s.002238">Ob hæc altiſſima eſt, fuit, eritque
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              ſemper plaga iuxta polos, & in medio hu­
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              millima. </s>
              <s id="s.002239">Quare ſolem non oportuit vnde­
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              quaque circumferri, nec ad polos: nam ſi
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              ſingulis annis per totum orbem feratur, ne­
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              ceſſe eſt vt terra æqualis euadat, atque ea de
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              cauſa vel tota ſiccetur, vel tota aquis obrua­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.002240">Sed cum hoc non ſufficeret ad flumi­
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              num liberum curſum ſæpius occurrentibus
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              locis in via altiorum proueniſſet, hoc natu­
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              ra ſagax aquæ dedit, vt tantùm poſſit aſ­
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              cendere, quantum eſt quod deſcendit, vt
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              ſic ſuperatis montibus ac collibus in mare
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              tandem feratur. </s>
              <s id="s.002241">Ergo aqua parua eſt, atque
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg247"/>
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              in ſuperficie ſita terræ. </s>
              <s id="s.002242">Quòd ſi tanta foret
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              quanta fertur, laterétque ſub terra, vel
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              mota perpetuum motum terræ excitaret, vel
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              quieſcens putreſceret. </s>
              <s id="s.002243">Horum neutrum cum
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              videamus, impoſſibile eſt aquam magnitu­
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              dinem obtinere in comparatione ad terram
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              effatu dignam, lateréque in imo terræ: at nec
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              in ſuperficie multam fore, ſenſum docere
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              oſtendimus. </s>
              <s id="s.002244">Parua igitur ad modum eſt aqua
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              verum terra cum eſſet animalium ſedes, &
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              mundi centrum circa quod aſtra mouentur,
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              & omnium fundamentum, ſatis conuenien­
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              tem aſſecuta eſt magnitudinem, quamuis
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              ad cœli ambitum comparata puncti vicem
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              obtineat. </s>
              <s id="s.002245">Sunt aurem aquarum genera plu­
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              rima, ſed ſitus & magnitudinis ratione ſic
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              diſtinguuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.002246">Quæ in vnum collecta eſt,
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              falſa, mare vocatur: ſi dulcis, lacus: ſi non
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              mouetur prorſus, palus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002247">Neceſſe eſt au­
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              tem in his limum generari. </s>
              <s id="s.002248">Si verò profun­
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              da non eſt, ſtagnum. </s>
              <s id="s.002249">Si fluit flumen vel
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              fluuius, à fluendo dictus. </s>
              <s id="s.002250">Si ſcaturiat,
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              fons. </s>
              <s id="s.002251">Si ex pluuiis, vel niuibus colliga­
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              tur, torrens. </s>
              <s id="s.002252">Torrentes autem ob id mani­
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              feſtum eſt non ſemper fluere. </s>
              <s id="s.002253">Riuulus au­
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              tem, cum exiguus decurrit. </s>
              <s id="s.002254">Omnium altiſ­
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              ſima palus Alcyonia in Corinthiaco agro,
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              quæ cum minus tribus ſtadiis in ambitu
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              habeat. </s>
              <s id="s.002255">Nero multorum ſtadiorum funibus
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              iunctis fundum non potuit plumbo explora­
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              re, adeò profundis gurgitibus continebatur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002256">Huic ſimilem eſſe referunt lacum inſula re­
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              giæ Daniæ, ſeu Cimbriæ Cherſoneſi, cui
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              nomen eſt Bornholm: neque enim illius
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              imum percipit, quamuis exiguus. </s>
              <s id="s.002257">Gene­
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              raliter autem in littoribus. </s>
              <s id="s.002258">Noruagiæ pro­
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              fundiſſimi ſunt ſpecus, atque ideò gurgi­
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              tes. </s>
              <s id="s.002259">Cum enim inter altiſſimas rupes, pa­
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              rúmque diſtantes, atque eò magis ſi in val­
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              le ſpecus profundi ſint, aqua permeat,
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              obruitque ſummè neceſſe eſt lacum eſſe an­
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              guſtum profundiſſimo vortice. </s>
              <s id="s.002260">Salſa palus
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              Mæotica eſt, atque ob id & vaſtitatem ce­
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              lebrata. </s>
              <s id="s.002261">At fluminum ſatis rectè, meo iu­
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              dicio, cauſas & modum defluxus explica­
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              uimus: ſed vnde oriantur, ſæpè dubitatum
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              eſt, tam perenni ac multiplici aquarum
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              decurſu. </s>
              <s id="s.002262">Ergo generari illas exiſtimat Phi­
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              loſophus. </s>
              <s id="s.002263">Salomon ex mari per circuitum
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              deriuari, alij ex pluuiis ac niuibus coacer­
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              uari, alij emergere ex fontibus ſub terra
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              latentibus. </s>
              <s id="s.002264">Non gigni in montibus, nec
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              ex aëre, palàm eſt omnem aquam, cùm
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              Tanais in Moſcouiæ campis ſcaturiat: ve­
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              rùm cùm aqua non aſcendat, niſi deſcen­
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              dat è montibus altioribus, illam eò deri­
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              uari neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002265">Nec ex mari ipſo ad tan­
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              tam altitudinem, quanta eſt montium ver­
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              tex poteſt aſcendere: & antequam ad mon­
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              tes perueniat, nulla eſt ratio quin vbique
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              erumpat: nec vnquam flumina minueren­
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              tur, maréque ipſum non tot fluminibus
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              ſufficeret, verùm quandóque ſiccaretur,
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              cùm maxima pars aquarum Solis calore
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              euaneſcat: motus etiam ille ſub terra, il­
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              lam ( vt dixi ) concuteret: neque ratio
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              eſt, cur ab illo monte fluat, ab alio non.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002266">Quòd etiam tam pura reddatur ab omni
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              ſalſedine & amaritudine, vix eſt veriſi­
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              mile. </s>
              <s id="s.002267">Nec ex niuibus ſolis, cùm è monti­
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              bus aqua etiam fluat cùm nullis teguntur
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              niuibus, nulliſque imbribus madeſcunt:
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              generari verò tantam aquarum molem, ac
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              tam perennem, omninò incredibile eſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002268">Quid igitur dicendum? </s>
              <s id="s.002269">ex omnibus his
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              cauſis fieri: verùm origo maxima eſt, quia
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              aër in aquam tranſit, pòſt etiam nix &
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              imbres aſſidui ad hoc non parum condu­
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              cunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002270">Quàm etiam cauſam putat Herodo­
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              tus, inundationis eius quam Nilus facit
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              in Ægypto. </s>
              <s id="s.002271">Siquidem illius ſententia ta­
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              lis eſt, quod Nilus æſtiuo ſolſtitio intu­
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              meſcere incipiat, & vſque ad 45. dies
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              ſequentes creſcat, atque Ægyptum inun­
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              det, totidem verò fermè diebus decreſcat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002272">Antiquo tempore, Herodoti ſcilicet, ad 14.
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              cubitum incrementum maximam afferebat
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              vbertatem, ad octo ſterilitatem: pòſt Stra­
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              bonis temporibus minus creſcebat, nec octo
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              cubitorum incrementum attulit. </s>
              <s id="s.002273">Sed præ­
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              ſenti ætate, ſeu depræhenſo errore, ſeu mu­
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              tato ritu, cùm ad 15. brachia exundat, ma­
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              xima fit vbertas. </s>
              <s id="s.002274">A 15. ad 18. detrimenta </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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