Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div154" type="section" level="1" n="20">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head19" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VI. DELLA POLVE POZZOLANA.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5040" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">EVvi</emph>
            ancho una ſpecie di polue, che di natura fa coſe marauiglioſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5041" xml:space="preserve">Naſce à Baie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5042" xml:space="preserve">nei campi di
              <lb/>
            coloro, che ſono appreſſo il Monte Veſuuio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5043" xml:space="preserve">Queſta polue meſcolata con la calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5044" xml:space="preserve">con cementi
              <lb/>
            non ſolo da fermezza à gli altri edificij, ma le grandi opere che ſi fanno nel mare per eſſa ſott’acqua
              <lb/>
            ſi fanno piu forti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5045" xml:space="preserve">La ragione di queſto è, perche ſotto quei monti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5046" xml:space="preserve">ſotterra ci ſono ardentisſime,
              <lb/>
            e ſpeſſe fonti, lequali non farebbeno, ſe nel fondo loro non haueſſero zolfo, ò uero allume, ouero bi
              <lb/>
            tume, che fanno grandisſimi fuochi, Penetrão adunque il fuoco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5047" xml:space="preserve">il uapore della fiamma nel mez
              <lb/>
            zo delle uene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5048" xml:space="preserve">ardendo fa quella terra lieue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5049" xml:space="preserve">il fuoco che iui naſce aſſorbe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5050" xml:space="preserve">è ſenza liquore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5051" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adunque tre
              <lb/>
            coſe cioè zolfo, allume, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5052" xml:space="preserve">bitume diſimile natural dalla uehemenza del fuoco in una miſtura formate, ſubito, che han-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0054-01" xlink:href="note-0054-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            no riceuuto il liquore ſi raunano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5053" xml:space="preserve">preſto l’humore in durite ſi raſſodano, ne il mare, ne la forza dell’acqua le può
              <lb/>
            dificogliere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5054" xml:space="preserve">Ma che in quei luoghi ſiano ardori ſi dimoſtra per queſto, che nei monti Cumani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5055" xml:space="preserve">di Baie cauati ſono
              <lb/>
            i luoghi per li bagni, ne i quali il feruen te uapore dal fondo naſcendo con la forza del fuoco fora quella terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5056" xml:space="preserve">per
              <lb/>
            entroeſſa paſſando in quei luoghi riſſorge, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5057" xml:space="preserve">di’indi per li ſudatoi ſi cauano grandi utilità. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5058" xml:space="preserve">Similmente ſi narra an-
              <lb/>
            ticamente eſſer creſciuti gli ardori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5059" xml:space="preserve">eſſer abondati ſotto il monte Veſuuio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5060" xml:space="preserve">d’indi hauer per li campi ſparſa d’in-
              <lb/>
            torno la fiamma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5061" xml:space="preserve">però quella pietra che ſpugna ouer pomice Pompeiana ſi chiama cotta perfettamente da un’altra
              <lb/>
            ſpecie di Petra in queſta qualità pare, che ridotta ſia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5062" xml:space="preserve">quella ſorte di Spugna, che d’indi ſi caua, non naſce in ogni
              <lb/>
            luogo, ſe non intorno il monte Etna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5063" xml:space="preserve">i colli della Miſia, detti da Greci Catachiecaumeni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5064" xml:space="preserve">altroue ſe iui ſono
              <lb/>
            queſte propietà di luoghi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5065" xml:space="preserve">Se adunque in quelle parti ſi trouano le fonti d’acque feruenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5066" xml:space="preserve">da gli antichi ſi narra,
              <lb/>
            che nelle concauità de i monti caldi uapori ſi trouano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5067" xml:space="preserve">le fiammeite ſono per molti luoghiuagãdo, pare ueramen-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0054-02" xlink:href="note-0054-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            te eſſer certa coſa, che per la uehemenza del fuoco dal tofo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5068" xml:space="preserve">dalla terra (come nelle fornaci dalla calce) coſi da que
              <lb/>
            ſti ſasfi eſſer cauato il liquore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5069" xml:space="preserve">però da coſe diſjpari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5070" xml:space="preserve">disſimili, inſieme raunate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5071" xml:space="preserve">in una uirtu riſtrette il caldo di-
              <lb/>
            giuno d’humore dall’acqua ſubito ſatiato raccommunando i corpi bolle, per lo calore naſcoſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5072" xml:space="preserve">fa che quelli forte-
              <lb/>
            mente s’uniſchino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5073" xml:space="preserve">preſto riceuino la forza della ſodezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5074" xml:space="preserve">reſtaci il diſiderio di ſapere perche cagione eſſendo in
              <lb/>
            Toſcana molte fonti d’acque boglienti, non ci ſia ancho la polue, che naſce nei detti luoghi, laquale per la iſteſſa ra-
              <lb/>
            gione ſode faccia l’opere di ſott’acqua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5075" xml:space="preserve">però prima, che ciò fi defideri, mi pare, perche coſi ſia, dirne la cagione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5076" xml:space="preserve">In tut-
              <lb/>
            te le parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5077" xml:space="preserve">in tuttii luoghi non fi troua la medeſima ſorte di terra, ne di pietre; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5078" xml:space="preserve">ma alcune hannon della terra, alcune-
              <lb/>
            della ſabbia, altre della ghiara, altre dell’arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5079" xml:space="preserve">coſi altroue diuerſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5080" xml:space="preserve">del tutto disſimili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5081" xml:space="preserve">diſpari maniere, come ſo-
              <lb/>
            no le ragioni ſi trouano le qualità della terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5082" xml:space="preserve">ciò ſi puo molto bene conſiderare, che la doue l’Appennino cigne le
              <lb/>
            parti d’ltalia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5083" xml:space="preserve">di Toſcana quaſi in ogni luogo non manca l’arena di caua, ma oltra l’Appennino doue e’l mar Adria
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0054-03" xlink:href="note-0054-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            tico niente ſi troua, ne in Achaia, ne in Aſia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5084" xml:space="preserve">in breue oltra il mare, appena ſe ne ſente il nome, Adunque non in
              <lb/>
            tuttii luoghi doue bolleno le fonti dell’acque calde concorreno, le medeſime commodità delle coſe, ma tutte (come
              <lb/>
            è da natura ordinato) non ſecondo le uoglie humane, ma per ſorte diuiſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5085" xml:space="preserve">diſtribuite ſono, in quei luoghi adun-
              <lb/>
            que nei quali non ſono i monti del tutto di terra, ma che tengono le qualità della diſpoſta materia paſſando per quel
              <lb/>
            li la forza del fuoco gli abbruggia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5086" xml:space="preserve">quello che è molle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5087" xml:space="preserve">tenero aſciuga, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5088" xml:space="preserve">la ſcia quello che è aſpro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5089" xml:space="preserve">però come
              <lb/>
            in Campagna detta terra di lauoro, la terra abbrucciata diuenta polue coſi la Cotta in Thoſcana carboncino diuenta,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5090" xml:space="preserve">l’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5091" xml:space="preserve">l’altra materia è ottima nel fabricare; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5092" xml:space="preserve">ma rittengono altra forza, ne gli edificij, che ſi fanno in terra, altra
              <lb/>
            nelle grandi opere, che ſi fanno in mare, perche la uirtù della materia iui, e, più molle del tofo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5093" xml:space="preserve">più ſoda che la ter-
              <lb/>
            ra, dalqual tofo del tutto dal fondo per la forza del calore abbrucciato in alcuni luoghi ſi fa quella ſorte d’arena, che
              <lb/>
            ſi chiama carboncolo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5094" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5095" xml:space="preserve">Io non ſaprei aggiungere alcuna coſa à Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5096" xml:space="preserve">poi che la interpretatione è da ſe molto chiara, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5097" xml:space="preserve">egli altro fatto non habbia in queſto capo, che det
              <lb/>
            ta la uirtu della Pozzaolana, che però non è quella, che hoggidi ſi uſa à roma. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5098" xml:space="preserve">Plinio piglia queſto lugo di Vitru. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5099" xml:space="preserve">nel terzo decimo capo del
              <lb/>
            trenteſimo quinto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5100" xml:space="preserve">Le dimande, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5101" xml:space="preserve">le riſpoſte in Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5102" xml:space="preserve">ſono manifeste.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5103" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div156" type="section" level="1" n="21">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head20" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VII. DEI LVOGHI DOVE SI TAGLIANO LE PIETRE.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5104" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">DElla</emph>
            calce, dell’arena di che diuerfità ſiano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5105" xml:space="preserve">che forze, s’habbiano, fin quichiaramente ho ra-
              <lb/>
            gionato, ſeguita; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5106" xml:space="preserve">che ſi dichi per ordine de iluoghi doue ſi tagliano le pietre, da i quali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5107" xml:space="preserve">de i ſasſi
              <lb/>
            quadrati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5108" xml:space="preserve">dei cementi gran copia ſi caua per gliedificij. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5109" xml:space="preserve">Queſte ſi trouano diuarie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5110" xml:space="preserve">molto
              <lb/>
            disſimiglianti maniere, perche alcune ſono molli, come di’intorno à Roma le Roſſe, le Palliane, le
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0054-05" xlink:href="note-0054-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            Fidenati, le Albane, alcune tempereate, come le Teuertine, le Anmiternine, le Sorattine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5111" xml:space="preserve">altre di
              <lb/>
            queſta maniera, alcune poi dure ſono come li Selici. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5112" xml:space="preserve">Sonoui anche altre ſpecie, come in Campagna
              <lb/>
            il Tofo nero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5113" xml:space="preserve">il Roſſo, nell’Vmbria, nel Piceno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5114" xml:space="preserve">nella Marca Triuiſana il Bianco, ilquale come legno con denta-
              <lb/>
            ta ſega ſi taglia, ma quelle tutte, che ſono molli, hanno queſta utilità che quando i ſasſi da quella cauati ſono, facil-
              <lb/>
            mente nell’opere ſi maneggiano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5115" xml:space="preserve">ſe ſono al coperto ſoſtengono i peſi, ma allo aere indurite per le Stille dell’acque,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5116" xml:space="preserve">per le pruinefi ſpezzano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5117" xml:space="preserve">apreſſo le parti maritime ſono mangiate dalla ſalſugine, ne ſtanno ſalde à i gran cal-
              <lb/>
            di. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5118" xml:space="preserve">Le Tiburtine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5119" xml:space="preserve">quelle, che ſono della ſteſſa maniera ſopportano i carichi dell’opere; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5120" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5121" xml:space="preserve">le ingiurie de i mali tempi,
              <lb/>
            ma nõ ſono dal fuoco ſicure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5122" xml:space="preserve">ſubito, che da quello toccate ſono, ſi ſpezzano, percioche nella loro naturale tẽperatu-
              <lb/>
            ra hanno poco humore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5123" xml:space="preserve">non molto della terra ma aſſai dello aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5124" xml:space="preserve">del fuoco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5125" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adunque in eſſe poco della
              <lb/>
            terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5126" xml:space="preserve">dell’humore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5127" xml:space="preserve">enetrando ancho il fuoco per la forza del uapore ſcacciato l’aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5128" xml:space="preserve">occupando i uacui tra
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0054-06" xlink:href="note-0054-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            le uene, belle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5129" xml:space="preserve">rende quelle ſimiglianti à i fuoi ardenti corpi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5130" xml:space="preserve">Sono ancho altre petraie ne i confini di Tarquineſi,
              <lb/>
            dette Anitiane di colore della Albane, le officine dellequali d’intorno il Lago di Volſcena ſpecialmẽte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5131" xml:space="preserve">nella prefet
              <lb/>
            tura Stratonieſe ſi trouano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5132" xml:space="preserve">Queſte hannon uirtù infinite percioche ne i grandi ghiacci, ne la forza del foco da loro no
              <lb/>
            cumento alcuno, ma ferme ſono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5133" xml:space="preserve">durabili alla uecchiezza, percioche nella loro miſtura poco hanno dello aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5134" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            del fuoco, ma di temperato humore con aſſai terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5135" xml:space="preserve">coſi con ſpeſſe ſtrutture aſſodati, ne da piggie, ne da fuoco of
              <lb/>
            feſe ſono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5136" xml:space="preserve">Queſte con buono argomento ſi puo dimoſtrare da i monumenti, che ſono d’intorno la terra di Ferento,
              <lb/>
            fatti di queſte pietre, perche hanno le ſtatue grandi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5137" xml:space="preserve">belle le figurinei fiori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5138" xml:space="preserve">gli achanti benisfimo ſcolpiti, le qual
              <lb/>
            coſe benche uecchie ſono, però coſi come hora fatte fuſſero noue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5139" xml:space="preserve">recenti pareno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5140" xml:space="preserve">Similmente i fabbri di metallo
              <lb/>
            adoperano per li getti le frome fatte di queſte pietre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5141" xml:space="preserve">die eſſe per fonder il metallo n’hanno grndisfimi commodi,
              <lb/>
            lequali ſi fuſſero preſſo Roma, degna coſa ſarebbe, che da queſte officine tutte l’opere fuſſero formate; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5142" xml:space="preserve">ma isforzan-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0054-07" xlink:href="note-0054-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            do ſi la necesſità per la uicinanza, che delle roſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5143" xml:space="preserve">delle palliane, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5144" xml:space="preserve">di quelli che ſono à Roma uicine, ci ſeruiamo; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5145" xml:space="preserve">ſe al
              <lb/>
            cuno uorrà porle in opera ſenza diffetto, farà l’apparecchio di eſſe in queſto modo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5146" xml:space="preserve">Douendoſi Fabricare per due an
              <lb/>
            ni prima non nel uerno, ma nella ſtate ſi deono cauare quelle pietre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5147" xml:space="preserve">ſiano laſciate ſteſe allo ſcoperto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5148" xml:space="preserve">quelle, che
              <lb/>
            dalle pioggie, è mali tempi per quelli due anni ſeranno ſtate offeſe, poſte ſiano nelle fondamenta, le altre non guaſte
              <lb/>
            come dalla natura approuate potranno ſopra terra nelle fabriche mantenerſi, ne ſolamente ſi deono queſte coſe nelle
              <lb/>
            pietre Quadrate oſſeruare, ma anchora nelle opere di Cemento.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5149" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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