Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002334">
                <pb pagenum="407" xlink:href="016/01/056.jpg"/>
              ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002335">Non negauerim, quòd tamen ob æſtum
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              illius eſt difficillimum, decurrientibus aquis
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              maris ſub terra magno impetu, ac procul,
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              aquæ dulcis fontem poſſe ſcaturire. </s>
              <s id="s.002336">Indicio
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              eſt, ſalſedinem minui ſpacij longitudine,
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              quòd putei effoſſi quò magis à mari diſtant,
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              eò minus ſunt ſalſi. </s>
              <s id="s.002337">Verùm hoc forſitan non
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              tam fiet ſeparatione ſalis ex diſtantia, quàm
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              admiſtione aliarum dulcium aquarum. </s>
              <s id="s.002338">Exi­
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              ſtimandum tamen aquam puteorum, quam
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              Hauſum vocant Mediolanenſes, è mari de­
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              riuari. </s>
              <s id="s.002339">Siquidem non tam impetu, quàm
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              ſpacij longitudine, nec tam admiſtione dul­
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              cium aliarum aquarum, quàm ſalis grauita­
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              te, aqua ipſa dulceſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.002340">Nam ſal in aqua
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              cùm quieuerit, deſcendit ad imum grauita­
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              te ſui: currente autem aqua repurgatur à
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              terra. </s>
              <s id="s.002341">Sed ob id mare, neque quieſcit, nec
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              currit, ſed æſtu agitatur, vt ſalſum maneat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002342">Tribus igitur modis aqua maris fontibus
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              ſcaturiens procul dulcis euadit: permiſtio­
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              ne aliorum dulcium curſu, atque ob id pur­
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              gatione à limo atque arena, & falis ſpontè
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              deſcendentis grauitate. </s>
              <s id="s.002343">Atque hoc etiam
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              commodum dulcis aquæ mare ipſum præ­
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              bet. </s>
              <s id="s.002344">Sed de fluminum ortu rectè videtur
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              Ariſtoteles ſenſiſſe: vbi verò in cauum am­
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              plumque locum influxerint, lacus creant.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002345">Igitur fluminum, ac fontium, torrentium­
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              que ac lacuum cauſam diximus.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg261"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002346">
                <margin.target id="marg259"/>
              Flumen cur
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              nullum ſal­
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              ſum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002347">
                <margin.target id="marg260"/>
              Cur flumina
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              matutinò
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              maximè
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              creſcunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002348">
                <margin.target id="marg261"/>
              Mare cur
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              ſalſum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002349">Reliquum eſt, vt doceamus, quænam ſit
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              cauſa, cur mare ſit ſalſum. </s>
              <s id="s.002350">Iuxta Ariſtote­
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              lis ſententiam, quæ à paucis intellecta eſt,
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              ea eſt aſſiduus imbrium in ipſum caſus, iam
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              ab æterno perſeuerans. </s>
              <s id="s.002351">Quanquam enim
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              non hoc in mare loco, quo nunc iacet, æter­
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              num ſit, cum tamen è mari mare fiat, æter­
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              num eſſe ac fuiſſe neceſſarium eſt continui­
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              tate aquarum. </s>
              <s id="s.002352">Inditio eſt, quòd omnia ab
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              vno deriuantur, Mediterraneum, Rubrum,
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              Euxinum, Caſpium, Magalianum, Hyper­
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              boreum, Germanicum, Herculeum, Canta­
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              bricum, Britannicum, Sarmaticum. </s>
              <s id="s.002353">Indicum
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              Africum, Balthicum, Glaciale: tum ſinus,
                <lb/>
              vt Barbaricus, Atlanticus, Magnus, Arabi­
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              cus, Perſicus, Mæotíſque palus, Oceani par­
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              tes ſunt, aut germina. </s>
              <s id="s.002354">Neque ignoro Pto­
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              lomæum de Caſpij maris ortu aliud ſentire,
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              ipſumque ab Oceano ſeparare: at non ex
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              ſententia Plinij, nec Strabonis, aut Solini,
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              vel Priſciani. </s>
              <s id="s.002355">Sed hoc parum refert, neque
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              enim repugnat, etſi non ſit, mare tamen eſſe
                <lb/>
              quòd cum aliis non conueniat, vt Mortuum
                <lb/>
              mare, & Galilææ, quæ cum inuicem con­
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              ueniant, non tamen Oceani ſunt membra
                <lb/>
              ſunt tamen ambo ſalſa, & quòd magis mi­
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              rum eſt, Mortuum etiam amarum, inde hi­
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              ſtoriæ cauſam dedit, & tamen plus abeſt à
                <lb/>
              Syriaco, quòd eſt Mediteranei pars, quàm
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              Galilæum. </s>
              <s id="s.002356">Quòd igitur nullum præter hoc,
                <lb/>
              & Mortuum, quòd olmi Alphaltis lacus vo­
                <lb/>
              cabatur, ab Oceano ſit ſeparatum, ſatis
                <lb/>
              aperſum eſt: nec prohibet quicquam, &
                <lb/>
              hæc per ſubterraneos ſpecus cum illo com­
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              municare, atque ob id æternum dicere om­
                <lb/>
              ne mare, aquarum non loci continuo ſta­
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              tu, ſempérque ſalſum. </s>
              <s id="s.002357">Tria enim ad ſalſugi­
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              nem ſeruandam ſufficere videntur: Solis ca­
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              lor, quo terra vritur, putreſcuntque aquæ:
                <lb/>
              quòd non decurrat, vt flumina, imbréſque
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              excipiat. </s>
              <s id="s.002358">Omnis enim imbrifera aqua, quòd
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              Sole torreatur, & mora putreſcat, ſubſalſa
                <lb/>
              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002359">At lacus geniti ſunt verè, quoniam flu­
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              mina à quibus fiunt initium habuerunt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002360">Quamobrem etſi excipiant imbres, ſalſum
                <lb/>
              tamen ſaporem concipere nequeunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002361">Nec
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              eſſe poſſunt ſalſi lacus, niſi terra ipſa vbi
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              ſunt ſalem præferat, ob id nec magni qui­
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              dem. </s>
              <s id="s.002362">Indicio eſſe poteſt Acronius lacus,
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              quem nunc vocant Conſtantienſem, qui
                <lb/>
              tametſi magnitudine mari ſimilis fermè cui­
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              piam videatur, aquis tamen dulcibus, non
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              ſalſis, plenus eſt, quòd illius initium ex
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              Rheno flumine fuerit. </s>
              <s id="s.002363">Adiuuat tamen ad
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              maris ſalſuginem illius immenſa vaſtitas, in
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              qua velut & in amplo terræ ſpacio ſalis
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              montes non paucos contineri neceſſe eſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002364">Ergo ſale diſſoluto, adiuuante præcipuè illo
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              quotidiano æſtu, ſalſum fieri mare totum
                <arrow.to.target n="marg262"/>
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              contingit. </s>
              <s id="s.002365">Ob id ex dubitatione, dubitatio
                <lb/>
              alia non leuior oritur, cur ſcilicet mare
                <lb/>
              æſtum illum, atque non ſemel ſingulis die­
                <lb/>
              bus patiatur, nec tamen omne, nec æquali­
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              ter. </s>
              <s id="s.002366">Oceanus namque palam, & Mediterra­
                <lb/>
              nei paucæ quædam partes, vt Adriaticus ſi­
                <lb/>
              nus, vbi Venetiæ conditæ ſunt, fluunt ac
                <lb/>
              refluunt bis fermè in die vna. </s>
              <s id="s.002367">Sed mare iux­
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              ta Æthiopiam, quod Gineghæ vocatur, qua­
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              tuor horis fluere, octo refluere Aloiſius Ca­
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              demuſtus memoriæ prodidit, cum cætera
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              ſenis, ac ſenis fluant, ac refluant. </s>
              <s id="s.002368">Cauſa ob
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              quam maria fluant, redeantque præcipua
                <lb/>
              eſt, quòd cum ſalſa ſint, non tamen ſuffice­
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              re poterat hoc ad aquarum & aëris conſer­
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              uationem. </s>
              <s id="s.002369">Nam ſi aqua maris non mouea­
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              tur, putreſcit in vaſis, Ariſtotele teſte. </s>
              <s id="s.002370">At
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              quæ in Mediterraneo eſt ventis conoluſa,
                <lb/>
              magis agitatur, nec ob id putreſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.002371">Quo­
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              nam pacto verò à ſyderibus ac Luna mo­
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              ueatur, in Aſtronomicis edocuimus. </s>
              <s id="s.002372">Mouen­
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              tur igitur ab Oriente in Occidentem maria
                <lb/>
              omnia, quæ totius habent rationem, vt
                <lb/>
              Oceanus, quoniam elementum quaſi vnum
                <lb/>
              eſt, atque hoc à ſyderibus agitur. </s>
              <s id="s.002373">Quæcun­
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              que igitur directè iacent ad Oceanum, &
                <lb/>
              ipſa mouentur eo motu: quæ verò à latere,
                <lb/>
              nequaquam, vt Mediterraneum & Rubrum,
                <lb/>
              quæ à Boreali latere ſunt: nam ſic diſpoſi­
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              tis locis frangi neceſle eſt impetum ab
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              Oriente & Occidente currentium aquarum.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002374">Quòd etſi Mediterraneum ab Oriente vi­
                <lb/>
              deatur poſitum, quum Oceanus ad Occiden­
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              tem ſit, ſolum in reflexu ingreditur in Me­
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              diterraneum: quum iam non à ſyderibus,
                <lb/>
              ſed grauitate ipſa vrgeatur, vnde motum
                <lb/>
              ſeruare non poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002375">Aliud huius eſt rei indi­
                <lb/>
              cium, quòd in Mediterraneo ipſo, in Afri­
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              cæ littore iuxta Zygrim quòd litus id rectà
                <lb/>
              ab Oriente in Occidentem exporrigatur, ſi­
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              tu littoris leuem, Lunæ vim adiuuante, fit
                <lb/>
              æſtus. </s>
              <s id="s.002376">Mare verò Norticum, quòd iuxta
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              æquinoctij circulum eſt, è Boreali latere,
                <lb/>
              iuxta Pariam: celerrimè ex Oriente in Oc­
                <lb/>
              cidentem fertui, quoniam Sol ibi robuſtior
                <lb/>
              aquas agit. </s>
              <s id="s.002377">Sed in Auſtrali Sureno, è regio­
                <lb/>
              ne Beraguæ vehementiſſimus æſtus fit: vbi
                <lb/>
              verò Norticum à Boreali latere iacet, penè
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              nullus. </s>
              <s id="s.002378">Moueri igitur aquas in æſtu à Luna </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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