Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002378">
                <pb pagenum="408" xlink:href="016/01/057.jpg"/>
              oſtendit æſtus magnitudo in pleniluniis no­
                <lb/>
              uiluniiſque, paruitas in quadratis: aſcenſúſ­
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              que earum, deſcenſúſque cum Luna vſque
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              ad cœli medium, tumorque illarum è ſyde­
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              ris directo & reuolutionis tempus, quòd
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              horarum eſt fermè vigintiquinque. </s>
              <s id="s.002379">Quò in
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              ſpatio, Luna ad
                <expan abbr="Orientẽ">Orientem</expan>
              ex oriente redit. </s>
              <s id="s.002380">
                <expan abbr="Quũ">Quum</expan>
                <lb/>
              verò terram ſic aſtrum ſequens circumambi­
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              re mare ſingulis diebus videatur, cur naues
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              vix ſex millia paſſuum, ni ventis vrgeantur,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg263"/>
                <lb/>
              horâ vnâ ſuperant? </s>
              <s id="s.002381">Cauſa eſt, quòd non
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              tota aqua, nec vna pars Lunam ſequatur,
                <lb/>
              ſed proximæ in proximas transferuntur: ve­
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              lut ſi quis carnem comprimens tumorem
                <lb/>
              eleuet, caro quidem parum loco mouebitur,
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              celerrimè tamen tumor per totum crus
                <lb/>
              transferetur. </s>
              <s id="s.002382">At in Nortiro, vbi diximus
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              penè nullum eſſe æſtum, decurſum tamen
                <lb/>
              trium menſium diuturnum, velut in flumi­
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              ne naues celeriter moueri neceſſe eſt, quòd
                <lb/>
              eadem pars aquæ ſemper procedat. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002383">
                <margin.target id="marg262"/>
              Maris æſtus
                <lb/>
              cur fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002384">
                <margin.target id="marg263"/>
              Cur in ma­
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              ris æſtu na­
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              ues non ce­
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              lerrimè mo­
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              ueantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002385">Sed poſtquam in hos ſermones incidi­
                <lb/>
              mus, non ſilebo Philoſophi rationem, quâ
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              mundum æternum eſſe probat ex maris ſal­
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              ſugine. </s>
              <s id="s.002386">Eſt autem hæc: Si mare initium ha­
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              buit, ab initio dulce, aut ſalſum, erat non ſal­
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              ſum cùm tantum ſalis non potuerit immiſ­
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              ceri quodaquam corrumperet, ſyncera enim
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              omnia facta eſſe exiſtimandum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002387">Nam
                <lb/>
              quæ naſcuntur, vt lacus, & flumina, ſapo­
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              re carent. </s>
              <s id="s.002388">Hoc tamen aduerſus Platonem ſo­
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              lùm dirigitur, qui ( vt in Timæo habetur)
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              mundum per ſeparationem genitum exiſti­
                <lb/>
              mauit. </s>
              <s id="s.002389">Ideóque Naſo dixit:
                <lb/>
                <emph type="quote"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Hanc Deus & melior litem natura diremit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002390">Nam cœlo terras, & terris abſcidit vndas,
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              Et liquidum ſpiſſo ſecreuit ab æthere cœlum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002391">Quæ poſtquàm euoluit, cæcóque exemit aceruo,
                <lb/>
              Diſſociata locis, concordi pace ligauit.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph.end type="quote"/>
                <lb/>
              Par igitur fuit nullum fuiſſe mare terra, &
                <lb/>
              aqua immiſtis, cùm ſalſum ſolùm miſtione
                <lb/>
              fiat. </s>
              <s id="s.002392">Quòd ſi ſapore caruit ab initio, ſuc­
                <lb/>
              ceſſu verò temporis factum eſt ſalſum, ſal­
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              ſugo ætates habet. </s>
              <s id="s.002393">At non habet: neque
                <lb/>
              enim nunc ſalſius quam olim fuit, nunquam
                <lb/>
              igitur mare factum eſt, itaque nec mundus.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg264"/>
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              Cæterum etiam ſub terra aquarum conge­
                <lb/>
              ries ſunt lacuum ſpecie: vnde Tanais in
                <lb/>
              Moſcouia, Lycus in Aſia, Tygris in Meſo­
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              potamia perpetuò decurſu erumpunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002394">Refe­
                <lb/>
              runt & Timaum in agro Aquilienſi, & in
                <lb/>
              Atinate incerti nominis fontem oriri. </s>
              <s id="s.002395">Cum
                <lb/>
              enim ſint ſub terra ſpecus, nec profundi vt
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              olim in Gabienſi agro ad primum lapidem
                <lb/>
              à Roma, vnde currus & equi, cùm præteri­
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              rent, ſolùm tremebat: nihil mirum eſt, aut
                <lb/>
              aquis impleri, aut dehiſcere ſponte terram,
                <lb/>
              aut hiantibus aërem corrumpi. </s>
              <s id="s.002396">Etſi parua
                <lb/>
              ſit hæc profunditas ad terræ magnitudinem
                <lb/>
              comparata, poteſt tamen vrbes ſubruere,
                <lb/>
              lacus admittere, montes relinquere inæqua­
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              li ſpecu, cùm non quicquid è directo eſt,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg265"/>
                <lb/>
              dehiſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.002397">At puteorum aquæ, cum ſint ſca­
                <lb/>
              turigines quædam, quaternis pedibus, aut
                <lb/>
              paulò plus plerunque conduntur: nam ſi con­
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              tinua eſſet aqua, terra fatiſceret, & puteis
                <lb/>
              eadem eſſet profunditas. </s>
              <s id="s.002398">Nec illorum aqua
                <lb/>
              hyeme calidior eſt, quàm æſtate, ſed talis
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              videtur, quoniam aër hyeme frigidus, æſta­
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              te calidus, cuius comparatione eadem aqua
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              verſa vice calidior hyeme, quàm æſtate ap­
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              paret: comparatione enim noſtri corporis
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              omnia tum ambientis diiudicantur. </s>
              <s id="s.002399">Itaque
                <lb/>
              fit, vt dum calidi ſumus, quæ tangimus, fri­
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              gida: dum frigidi, calida iudicemus. </s>
              <s id="s.002400">Vnde
                <lb/>
              in balneo meientibus vrina frigidior vide­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.002401">Paululum & incaleſcit aqua contracto
                <lb/>
              calore ad intima, quia exire non poteſt, nec
                <lb/>
              in terræ ſuperficie expandi: ob id etiam ni­
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              ues, quæ non admodum ſunt diuturnæ, fœ­
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              cunditatem ſemper afferre ſolent, nonnun­
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              quam etiam diuturnæ. </s>
              <s id="s.002402">Accedit quòd tota
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              terra in parte ea ad quam aqua poteſt per­
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              uenire, bituminoſa, aut ſalſa, aut denique
                <lb/>
              metallica eſt, quo fit vt halitus concluſi
                <lb/>
              aquam calefaciant. </s>
              <s id="s.002403">Et ob id etiam contin­
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              git, quòd tamen rarum eſt, aliquos fontes
                <lb/>
              calidiores hyeme eſſe, miraculi ſpecie qua­
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              dam, quàm æſtate. </s>
              <s id="s.002404">Sunt autem hæ aquæ ob
                <lb/>
              id odoratæ, aut grauiter olentes, ſaporiſ­
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              que haud inſipidi, quos cum ſcatent, agnoſ­
                <lb/>
              cere promptum eſt, atque ab his, aut caue­
                <lb/>
              re, aut vti. </s>
              <s id="s.002405">Sed ſi lateant, an ſubſint in ari­
                <lb/>
              do loco, & quales ſint, hac arte deprehen­
                <lb/>
              duntur. </s>
              <s id="s.002406">Vas plumbeum, vel figulinam ollam
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg266"/>
                <lb/>
              nouam, ſi illius copia non ſit, oleo prius in­
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              tus illitam, lana ſicca candida, quæ lapil­
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              lum in medio contineat, fundo eius anne­
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              xa cum cera, ſub terra per quatuor paſſus ſub
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              ſolis occaſu, ore vaſis inferius verſo, defodi­
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              to diligenter ne lana excidat, egeſtáque ter­
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              ra ſenſim obruito Subſequenti luce effoſſo
                <lb/>
              vaſe lanam conſidera: quæ ſi non procul
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              abſit, lapilli & noctis frigore, tum humido
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              illiti olei conceptos halitus terræ in aquæ
                <lb/>
              guttulas vertet: expreſſam igitur collige,
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              quæ ſi pauca eſt, plurimum adhuc abeſſe
                <lb/>
              aquam coniicito: ſi multa, parum. </s>
              <s id="s.002407">Qualis
                <lb/>
              verò ſit, de ore ac guſtu facilè intelliges.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002408">Sunt enim quædam harum, tum etiam
                <expan abbr="extã-tium">extan­
                  <lb/>
                tium</expan>
              in ſuperficie, quæ non ſolum ſal, bitu­
                <lb/>
              menue oleant, ſed etiam ferueant, vt Apo­
                <lb/>
              ni iuxta Paduam: adeóque frequentes, vt
                <lb/>
              nulla propemodum prouincia his careat,
                <lb/>
              cùm in pluribus etiam multis in locis fon­
                <lb/>
              tes erumpant. </s>
              <s id="s.002409">Gallia abundat illis, multò
                <lb/>
              plus Germania, & longè magis omnium bo­
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              norum parens Italia. </s>
              <s id="s.002410">Cauſam huius eſſe ne­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg267"/>
                <lb/>
              ceſſe eſt ignem, aut putredinem, aut calo­
                <lb/>
              rem naturalem, vel cœleſtem. </s>
              <s id="s.002411">Cœleſtis haud
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              tantus eſſe poteſt, præſertim hyeme, noctú­
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              que, vt eo aquæ ferueant. </s>
              <s id="s.002412">Naturalis actu
                <lb/>
              non eſt, niſi in animalibus, quoniam animam
                <lb/>
              & ſenſum habent. </s>
              <s id="s.002413">Putridus tantus eſſe ne­
                <lb/>
              quit, nec verò ſimile eſt materiam ſimul ge­
                <lb/>
              nerari ac putreſcere. </s>
              <s id="s.002414">Diuturnitas enim hu­
                <lb/>
              ius miraculi declarat generationis ipſius ma­
                <lb/>
              teriæ neceſſitatem. </s>
              <s id="s.002415">Relinquitur igitur cau­
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              ſam potiùs in igne eſſe: nam calor niſi ad
                <lb/>
              ſummum peruenerit, motum habet leuem,
                <lb/>
              & ob id ſponte extinguitur. </s>
              <s id="s.002416">Sed ignis duæ
                <lb/>
              ſunt ſpecies, pruna & flamma. </s>
              <s id="s.002417">Flammam
                <lb/>
              eſſe ibi, non eſt rationi conſentaneum: nam
                <lb/>
              reſpiratione manifeſta indiget, plurimum­
                <lb/>
              que abſumit materiæ, vt integri montes bi­
                <lb/>
              tuminis, vel
                <expan abbr="mẽſe">menſe</expan>
              toto arderent. </s>
              <s id="s.002418">Terræmotus </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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