Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002467">
                <pb pagenum="410" xlink:href="016/01/059.jpg"/>
              aquam profert, inde æſtate copioſiſſimam:
                <lb/>
              autumni autem principio ſiccari incipit,
                <lb/>
              ſiccuſque hyeme manet. </s>
              <s id="s.002468">Blaſius de Villa
                <lb/>
              Franca Hiſpanus medicus cauſam eſſe pu­
                <lb/>
              tat (
                <expan abbr="nãm">namm</expan>
              is hoc ſcripſit tanquam ei comper­
                <lb/>
              tum) profunditatem aluei, ob quam æſtate
                <lb/>
              non ſiccatur, hyeme à calidis viſceribus ter­
                <lb/>
              ræ abſumitur. </s>
              <s id="s.002469">Sed nos oſtendimus hyeme
                <lb/>
              terræ intima non ſimpliciter eſſe calidiora
                <lb/>
              quam æſtate, ſed comparatione ad aërem
                <lb/>
              habita. </s>
              <s id="s.002470">Quoniam igitur frigidiſſima eſt, ha­
                <lb/>
              linitro participat. </s>
              <s id="s.002471">Æſtate autem fluit deriua­
                <lb/>
              tis riuulis à montibus, cum niues liquari in­
                <lb/>
              cipiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002472">Autumno ſiccatur, cum quę è mon­
                <lb/>
              tibus fluere deſierint ſub terra, ob idque
                <lb/>
              hyeme ſiccus manet: neque enim niues ſol­
                <lb/>
              uuntur ob gelu. </s>
              <s id="s.002473">Videtur autem hoc quaſi
                <lb/>
              generale eſſe, vt vere & æſtate, magis tur­
                <lb/>
              geant fluuij, quam autumno, multò autem
                <lb/>
              minus hyeme. </s>
              <s id="s.002474">Diſtet hic fons à Vagliadolit
                <lb/>
              Pintia, olim famoſiſſima vrbe, paſſibus XX.
                <lb/>
              M. </s>
              <s id="s.002475">Referunt etiam in Elbogano, aquam
                <lb/>
              ſtrepere non leuiter, acidique eſſe ſaporis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002476">Meminit Ariſtoteles aquam fuiſſe olim in
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg273"/>
                <lb/>
              Sicanio agro Siciliæ, qua incolæ, pro aceto
                <lb/>
              vterentur. </s>
              <s id="s.002477">Quid mirum? </s>
              <s id="s.002478">Accepi, iuxta Ro­
                <lb/>
              mam in Villa Cardinalis Triultij inuentam
                <lb/>
              ſaporis auſteri aquam, atque eam ſaluberri­
                <lb/>
              mam, ob id ſolitam aſportari longius vt vi­
                <lb/>
              no miſceatur ad conciliandam gratiam.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002479">Conſtat autem alumine concocto, atque be­
                <lb/>
              ne temperato humido, fieri auſtrum: nam
                <lb/>
              ſponte aſtrigens eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002480">Cum tamen vino
                <lb/>
              miſcetur alumen, creditur dyſenterias
                <lb/>
              excitare. </s>
              <s id="s.002481">Sic referunt in Cardia iuxta lacum
                <lb/>
              Daſcyli, in loco qui vocatur Campus al­
                <lb/>
              bus, aquam eſſe lacte dulciorem: aliam quo­
                <lb/>
              que iuxta pontem qua itur Valdeburgum.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg274"/>
                <lb/>
              Sunt & quæ vinum referant, vt olim in Na­
                <lb/>
              xo inſula vna ex Cycladibus Ægei pelagi:
                <lb/>
              vnde in 3. Eleg.
                <lb/>
                <emph type="quote"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              En tibi per mediam bene olentia flumina.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002482">Naxon, (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              Propertius.
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vnde tuum potat Naxia turba merum:
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph.end type="quote"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002483">
                <margin.target id="marg264"/>
              Flumina
                <lb/>
              ſub terra &
                <lb/>
              ex illa
                <lb/>
              erumpentia.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002484">Specus ſub
                <lb/>
              terra.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002485">
                <margin.target id="marg265"/>
              Aqua pu­
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              teorum cur
                <lb/>
              hyome cali­
                <lb/>
              dæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002486">
                <margin.target id="marg266"/>
              Quomodo in
                <lb/>
              aridis locis
                <lb/>
              aqua an
                <lb/>
              ſubſit, &
                <lb/>
              qualis ſit,
                <lb/>
              exploremus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002487">
                <margin.target id="marg267"/>
              Fontium
                <lb/>
              feruentium
                <lb/>
              cauſa.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002488">
                <margin.target id="marg268"/>
              Incendia
                <lb/>
              montium cur
                <lb/>
              & quando
                <lb/>
              fiant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002489">
                <margin.target id="marg269"/>
              Optimæ a­
                <lb/>
              quæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002490">
                <margin.target id="marg270"/>
              Aquæ frigi­
                <lb/>
              diſſimæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002491">
                <margin.target id="marg271"/>
              Aquæ maxi­
                <lb/>
              mum edentes
                <lb/>
              ſtrepitum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002492">
                <margin.target id="marg272"/>
              Cauſa ſtre­
                <lb/>
              pitus aqua­
                <lb/>
              rum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002493">Cauſa fri­
                <lb/>
              giditatis
                <lb/>
              aquarum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002494">
                <margin.target id="marg273"/>
              Aquarum
                <lb/>
              ſapores.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002495">
                <margin.target id="marg274"/>
              Hydromel
                <lb/>
              tranſit in
                <lb/>
              vinum ve­
                <lb/>
              tuſtate.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002496">Cauſa ſapo­
                <lb/>
              ris
                <expan abbr="aquarũ">aquarum</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002497">Quid mirum, cum referant Plin. & Dioſ­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg275"/>
                <lb/>
              corides hydromel vetuſtate tranſire in vi­
                <lb/>
              num. </s>
              <s id="s.002498">Ariſtoteles cauſam ſaporum aquæ in
                <lb/>
              calorem retulit. </s>
              <s id="s.002499">Terra enim excocta mutat
                <lb/>
              & probet ſaporem aquæ. </s>
              <s id="s.002500">Sic etiam oleo per­
                <lb/>
              fuſi fontes quidam videntur, vt in Saxonia
                <lb/>
              iuxta nobile Brunonis oppidum, & in Sue­
                <lb/>
              uia iuxta cœnobium, cui Degerſe lacus no­
                <lb/>
              men eſt: & rurſus in valle montis Iuraſſi.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002501">Cauſa eſt bitumen valde pingue: nam bitu­
                <lb/>
              men oleum continere haud dubium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002502">Ita­
                <lb/>
              que cum aqua eluitur oleo aqua innatanti,
                <lb/>
              fontem olei probet. </s>
              <s id="s.002503">Verum totum ex oleo
                <lb/>
              conſtare haud credendum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002504">Quid mirum
                <lb/>
              igitur Alexandri iuxta tabernaculum fon­
                <lb/>
              tem olei ſcaturiſſe, vt Arianus omnium
                <lb/>
              Græcorum hiſtoricorum maximè verax re­
                <lb/>
              fert: Aut Romæ temporibus Auguſti At non
                <lb/>
              natus eſt: non contendo, in his nihil refert,
                <lb/>
              quandoquidem oſtendimus fieri poſſe, &
                <lb/>
              quomodo: nam rarò hæc eueniunt, & paucis
                <lb/>
              in locis, vnde prodigij loco habentur, cum
                <lb/>
              euenerint. </s>
              <s id="s.002505">Alij ad Deum talia referunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002506">Vnde
                <lb/>
              in Elide Peloponenſi regione aqua Alphei
                <lb/>
              cineres ſacrificiorum Olympicorum in Mal
                <lb/>
              tam cum tranſirent, in ſuperſtirionem ver­
                <lb/>
              ſum, quæ ob aqua pinguedinem fiebat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002507">Sunt & acres aquæ quaſi pinguibus oppoſi­
                <lb/>
              tæ, vt Golnicij. </s>
              <s id="s.002508">Eadem eſt ratio calorum:
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg276"/>
                <lb/>
              nam candida ad ſecundum lapidem à Clau­
                <lb/>
              ca Miſenæ oppido: rubea, vt in Radera
                <lb/>
              Miſenæ fluuio iuxta Radeburgum, & olim
                <lb/>
              in Iudæa iuxta Ioppen: viridis in Carpato
                <lb/>
              monte iuxta Neuſolam: cærulea, vt Blaua
                <lb/>
              inter Feltrium ac Taruiſium, & in Ther­
                <lb/>
              mopylis etiam talem fuiſſe referunt: ni­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg277"/>
                <lb/>
              gerrima in Alera fluuio Saxoniæ, vbi in
                <lb/>
              Viſurgim ſe exonerat. </s>
              <s id="s.002509">Cauſæ ſunt argillæ
                <lb/>
              calores, ſed tenuioris, nam craſſa non hæ­
                <lb/>
              ret aqua ideò neque tingit. </s>
              <s id="s.002510">Quædam etiam
                <lb/>
              calorem mutant, vt Nilus cum ſiccitatibus
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg278"/>
                <lb/>
              areſcit, autore Theophraſto. </s>
              <s id="s.002511">Quædam ma­
                <lb/>
              nent incorruptæ, vt Tyberis. </s>
              <s id="s.002512">Similis ratio
                <lb/>
              differentiæ eſt in odoribus. </s>
              <s id="s.002513">Plerunque tamen
                <lb/>
              aquarum odores iniucundi ſunt, quòd ( vt
                <lb/>
              dictum eſt ) rarò terra benè oleat. </s>
              <s id="s.002514">Peſſimè
                <lb/>
              olim fœtebat in Elide Anigri fluminis
                <lb/>
              aqua, vſque ad perniciem non ſolùm piſ­
                <lb/>
              cium, ſed hominum. </s>
              <s id="s.002515">Et iuxta Methonem in
                <lb/>
              Meſſana in puteo quodam optimè olens
                <lb/>
              haurirebatur aqua: odor enim referebat
                <lb/>
              Cyzicenum emplaſtrum. </s>
              <s id="s.002516">Porrò Cyzicenum
                <lb/>
              emplaſtrum croco, myrrha, thure, & iride
                <lb/>
              radice, redolentibus ſuauiter conſtabat. </s>
              <s id="s.002517">Ma­
                <lb/>
              nifeſtum eſt igitur, quòd contrariorum con­
                <lb/>
              trariæ ſunt cauſæ: & quòd ſalubres quæ be­
                <lb/>
              ne olent, & prauæ quæ fœtent. </s>
              <s id="s.002518">Habent &
                <lb/>
              vim aliæ aquæ alias progignendi plantas,
                <lb/>
              atque illud perpetua ratione obſeruatum eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002519">Nam Mæander fluuius myricas, Aſopus
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg279"/>
                <lb/>
              Bœotius inncos altis cum radicibus, Nilus
                <lb/>
              Perſiam arborem nutrit. </s>
              <s id="s.002520">Atque ex his etiam
                <lb/>
              vires aquarum coniectari licebit. </s>
              <s id="s.002521">Sunt au­
                <lb/>
              tem aliæ graues, aliæ leues. </s>
              <s id="s.002522">Leuior eſt omnis
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg280"/>
                <lb/>
              aqua, Ariſtotele teſte, non ſolum in flumini­
                <lb/>
              bus, ſed fontibus ac puteis, quæ ſuperna­
                <lb/>
              tat: ſicut grauiſſima, quæ in imo: eadem
                <lb/>
              ratio partium, quæ totius. </s>
              <s id="s.002523">Deſcendunt
                <lb/>
              enim quæque grauia: quæ autem leuia,
                <lb/>
              ſupernatant. </s>
              <s id="s.002524">Refer Strabo, Eulæi aquam
                <lb/>
              aliis drachma, ſub acetabuli menſura fuiſ­
                <lb/>
              ſe leuiorem. </s>
              <s id="s.002525">Eſt autem hoc iuxta Plinij
                <lb/>
              doctrinam, parte quintadecima. </s>
              <s id="s.002526">Sed ab
                <lb/>
              his ad aquarum miracula tranſeamus. </s>
              <s id="s.002527">Sunt
                <lb/>
              enim aquæ maximarum virium, vt etiam
                <lb/>
              ligna in lapides vertere ſoleant. </s>
              <s id="s.002528">Refert
                <lb/>
              Albertus Magnus, in Danico mari iux­
                <lb/>
              ta Lubecenſem vrbem, ſua ætate inuen­
                <lb/>
              tum arboris ramum cum nido & pullis;
                <lb/>
              qui cùm in lapidem cum arbore & ni­
                <lb/>
              do eſſent conuerſi, purpureum tamen ad­
                <lb/>
              huc colorem ſuum retinebant. </s>
              <s id="s.002529">Et Ceor­
                <lb/>
              gius Agricola in Elbogano tractu iuxta
                <lb/>
              oppidum à Falconibus cognominatum, in­
                <lb/>
              tegras cum cortice abietes in lapidem ver­
                <lb/>
              ſas eſſe: atque quod maius eſt, in rimis
                <lb/>
              etiam pyritidem lapidem continere. </s>
              <s id="s.002530">Et
                <lb/>
              Domitius Bruſonius in Sylare amne, qui
                <lb/>
              radices montis eius, qui eſt in agro vrbis
                <lb/>
              Vrſentinorum olim, nunc Conturſij, lam­
                <lb/>
              bit, folia & arborum ramos in lapides tran­
                <lb/>
              ſire, non fide aliorum, ſed propria, vt qui
                <lb/>
              incola ſit regionis. </s>
              <s id="s.002531">Cortices autem lapidum
                <lb/>
              annos numero oſten dere. </s>
              <s id="s.002532">Sic guttæ Gottici
                <lb/>
              fontis (hoc enim nomen à vulgo inditum eſt)
                <lb/>
              ſparſæ lapideſcunt. </s>
              <s id="s.002533">Et in Dacia, Cepuſij </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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