Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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the bottom of the caldron. </
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<
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>The caldron, being thus prepared, is entirely
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filled through a launder with water, and this is boiled with a fierce fire
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until it bubbles. </
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<
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>Then little by little eight wheelbarrow loads of the
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material, composed of roasted rock moistened with water, are gradually
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emptied into the caldron by four workmen, who, with their shovels which
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reach to the bottom, keep the material stirred and mixed with water, and
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by the same means they lift the lumps of undissolved rock out of the
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caldron. </
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<
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>In this manner the material is thrown in, in three or four lots, at
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intervals of two or three hours more or less; during these intervals, the
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water, which has been cooled by the rock and material, again begins to boil.
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</
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<
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>The water, when sufficiently purified and ready to congeal, is ladled out and
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run off with launders into thirty troughs. </
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<
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>These troughs are made of oak,
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holm oak, or Turkey oak; their interior is six feet long, five feet deep, and
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four feet wide. </
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<
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>In these the water congeals and condenses into alum, in the
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spring in the space of four days, and in summer in six days. </
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<
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>Afterward the
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holes at the bottom of the oak troughs being opened, the water which has
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not congealed is drawn off into buckets and poured back into the caldron;
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or it may be preserved in empty troughs, so that the master of the workmen,
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having seen it, may order his helpers to pour it into the caldron, for the water
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which is not altogether wanting in alum, is considered better than that which
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has none at all. </
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<
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>Then the alum is hewn out with a knife or a chisel. </
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<
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>It is
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thick and excellent according to the strength of the rock, either white or
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pink according to the colour of the rock. </
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<
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>The earthy powder, which remains
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three to four digits thick as the residue of the alum at the bottom of the
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trough is again thrown into the caldron and boiled with fresh aluminous
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material. </
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<
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>Lastly, the alum cut out is washed, and dried, and sold.</
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<
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>Alum is also made from crude pyrites and other aluminous mixtures.
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<
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>It is first roasted in an enclosed area: then, after being exposed for some </
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