Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

Page concordance

< >
Scan Original
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
< >
page |< < of 320 > >|
    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="003/01/061.jpg" pagenum="47"/>
              without Interruption; but only firſt to
                <lb/>
              ſtrengthen the Places you intend for the Seats
                <lb/>
              or Beds of your Columns, and then from one
                <lb/>
              to the other draw Arches with their Backs
                <lb/>
              downwards, ſo that the Plane or Level of the
                <lb/>
              Area will be the Chord of thoſe Arches; as
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg7"/>
                <lb/>
              you may ſee by the Plate of the Page 41. let
                <lb/>
              B. </s>
              <s>For ſtanding thus, they will be leſs apt to
                <lb/>
              force their Way into the Earth in any one
                <lb/>
              Place, the Weight being counterpos'd and
                <lb/>
              thrown equally on both Sides on the Props of
                <lb/>
              the Arches. </s>
              <s>And how apt Columns are to
                <lb/>
              drive into the Ground, by means of the great
                <lb/>
              Preſſure of the Weight laid upon them, is
                <lb/>
              manifeſt from that Corner of the noble Tem­
                <lb/>
              ple of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Veſpaſian
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              that ſtands to the North­
                <lb/>
              Weſt. </s>
              <s>For being deſirous to leave the publick
                <lb/>
              Way, which was interrupted by that Angle, a
                <lb/>
              free and open Paſſage underneath, they broke
                <lb/>
              the Area of their Platform and turn'd an Arch
                <lb/>
              againſt the Wall, leaving that Corner as a Sort
                <lb/>
              of Plaiſter on the other Side of the Paſſage,
                <lb/>
              and fortifying it, as well as poſſible, with ſtout
                <lb/>
              Work, and with the Aſſiſtance of a Buttreſs.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Yet this at laſt, by the vaſt Weight of ſo great
                <lb/>
              a Building, and the giving Way of the Earth,
                <lb/>
              became ruinous. </s>
              <s>But let this ſuffice upon this
                <lb/>
              Head.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg7"/>
              *</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. VI.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              That there ought to be Vents left open in thick Walls from the Bottom to the
                <lb/>
              Top; the Difference between the Wall and the Foundation; the principal
                <lb/>
              Parts of the Wall; the three Methods of Walling; the Materials and
                <lb/>
              Form of the firſt Courſe or Layer.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The Foundations being laid, we come
                <lb/>
              next to the Wall. </s>
              <s>But I will not omit
                <lb/>
              here a Precaution which belongs as well to the
                <lb/>
              Compleating of the Foundation as to the
                <lb/>
              Structure of the Wall. </s>
              <s>In large Buildings,
                <lb/>
              where the Wall is to be very thick, we ought
                <lb/>
              to leave Vents and Tunnels in the Body of the
                <lb/>
              Wall, at moderate Diſtances one from the other,
                <lb/>
              from the Foundation quite to the Top, through
                <lb/>
              which any Vapour or Damp that may happen
                <lb/>
              to engender or gather under Ground may have
                <lb/>
              free Paſſage without damaging the Work. </s>
              <s>The
                <lb/>
              Ancients in ſome of theſe Vents were uſed to
                <lb/>
              make winding Stairs, as well for the Sake of the
                <lb/>
              Beauty of the Contrivance itſelf, as for the
                <lb/>
              Convenience of paſſing up to the Top of the
                <lb/>
              Edifice, and perhaps too for the Saving of ſome
                <lb/>
              Expence. </s>
              <s>But to return to our Subject; be­
                <lb/>
              tween the Foundation and the naked Wall there
                <lb/>
              is this Difference, that the former having the
                <lb/>
              Support of the Sides of the Trench, may be made
                <lb/>
              of nothing but Rubbiſh, whereas the Latter con­
                <lb/>
              ſiſts of Variety of Parts, as we ſhall hereafter
                <lb/>
              ſhew. </s>
              <s>The principal Parts of the Wall are
                <lb/>
              theſe; firſt, the bottom Part, which begins
                <lb/>
              immediately from the Level of the Foundati­
                <lb/>
              ons; this we call the firſt Courſe laid upon the
                <lb/>
              Level, or the Courſe riſing from the Ground:
                <lb/>
              The middle Parts, which girt and ſurround
                <lb/>
              the Wall, we ſhall call the ſecond Courſe: The
                <lb/>
              higheſt Parts, laſtly, that is to ſay, thoſe which
                <lb/>
              ſupport the top Roof, we call Cornices. </s>
              <s>Some
                <lb/>
              of the principal Parts or rather the prin­
                <lb/>
              cipal Parts of all are the Corners of the
                <lb/>
              Wall, and the Pilaſters, or Columns, or any
                <lb/>
              thing elſe in their ſtead ſet in the Wall to ſup­
                <lb/>
              port the Beams and Arches of the Covering;
                <lb/>
              all which are comprized under the Name of
                <lb/>
              Bones or Ribs. </s>
              <s>Likewiſe the Jambs on each
                <lb/>
              Side of all Openings partake of the Nature both
                <lb/>
              of Corners and of Columns. </s>
              <s>Moreover, the
                <lb/>
              Coverings of Openings, that is to ſay, the Lin­
                <lb/>
              tels or Tranſoms, whether ſtrait or arched, are
                <lb/>
              alſo reckoned among the Bones. </s>
              <s>And indeed
                <lb/>
              I take an Arch to be nothing more than a Beam
                <lb/>
              bent, and the Beam or Tranſom to be only a
                <lb/>
              Column laid croſſways. </s>
              <s>Thoſe Parts which
                <lb/>
              interfere or lie between theſe principal Parts,
                <lb/>
              are very properly called Fillers up. </s>
              <s>There are
                <lb/>
              ſome Things throughout the whole Wall
                <lb/>
              which agree each with ſome one of the Parts
                <lb/>
              we have here ſpoken of; that is to ſay, the fill­
                <lb/>
              ing up or cramming of the Middle of the Wall,
                <lb/>
              and the two Barks or Shells of each Side,
                <lb/>
              whereof that without is to bear the Sun and
                <lb/>
              Weather, and that within is to give Shade and
                <lb/>
              Shelter to the Inſide of the Platform. </s>
              <s>The
                <lb/>
              Rules for theſe Shells and for their ſtuffing are
                <lb/>
              various, according to the Variety of Structures.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>The different Sorts of Structures are theſe; the
                <lb/>
              ordinary Sort, the chequer Sort and the Irregu­
                <lb/>
              lar: And here it may not be amiſs to take
                <lb/>
              </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
Impressum