Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="463"/>
              it with the mouth downwards; whilſt it is full of water, which is
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              conſtrained in the ſame manner to follow the Cup which contains it,
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              and to riſe above the other water into the Region of the Air, as the
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              Air is forced to follow the ſame Veſſell under the Surface of the
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              ter, till that in this caſe the water, ſurmounting the brimme of the
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              Cup, breaks in, driving thence the Air, and in that caſe, the ſaid
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              brimme coming out of the water, and arriving to the Confines of the
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              Air, the water falls down, and the Air ſub-enters to fill the cavity of
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              the Cup: upon which enſues, that he no leſs tranſgreſſes the
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              cles of the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Convention,
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              who produceth a Plate conjoyned with much
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              Air, to ſee if it de ſeend to the bottom in water, then he that makes
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              proof of the Reſiſtance againſt Elevation in Air with a Plate of Lead,
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              joyned with a like quantity of water.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1527"/>
              An
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              ment of the
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              peration of
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              gures, in
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              creaſing or
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              ſening of the
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              Airs Reſiſtance
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              of Diviſion.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>I have ſaid all that I could at preſent think of, to maintain the
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1528"/>
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              Aſſertion I have undertook. </s>
              <s>It remains, that I examine that which
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
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              hath writ of this matter towards the end of his Book
                <emph type="italics"/>
              De Cælo
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              ;
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              wherein I ſhall note two things: the one that it being true as hath
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1529"/>
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              been demonſtrated, that Figure hath nothing to do about the moving
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              or not moving it ſelf upwards or downwards, it ſeemes that
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Aristotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
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              at his firſt falling upon this Sp. </s>
              <s>culation, was of the ſame opinion, as
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              in my opinion may be collected from the examination of his words.
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              </s>
              <s>Tis true, indeed, that in eſſaying afterwards to render a reaſon of
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              ſuch effect, as not having in my conceit hit upon the right, (which
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              in the ſecond place I will examine) it ſeems that he is brought to
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              admit the largeneſſe of Figure, to be intereſſed in this operation.
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              </s>
              <s>As to the firſt particuler, hear the preciſe words of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Aristotle.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1528"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotles
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              nion touching
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              the Operation
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              of Figure
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              amined.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1529"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtot de Cælo,
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                <lb/>
              Lib. 4. Cap. 66.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Figures are not the Cauſes of moving ſimply upwards or downwards,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1530"/>
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              but of moving more ſlowly or ſwiftly, and by what means this comes to
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              paſs, it is not difficult to ſee.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1530"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              makes
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              not Figure the
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              cauſe of Motion
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              abſolutely, but
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              of ſwiſt or ſlow
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              motion,</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Here firſt I note, that the terms being four, which fall under the
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              preſent conſideration, namely, Motion, Reſt, Slowly and Swiftly:
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1531"/>
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              And
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              naming Figures as Cauſes of Tardity and Velocity,
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              cluding them from being the Cauſe of abſolute and ſimple Motion,
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              it ſeems neceſſary, that he exclude them on the other ſide, from being
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              the Cauſe of Reſt, ſo that his meaning is this. </s>
              <s>Figures are not the
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              Cauſes of moving or not moving abſolutely, but of moving quickly
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              or ſlowly: and, here, if any ſhould ſay the mind of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              is to
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              exclude Figures from being Cauſes of Motion, but yet not from
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              being Cauſes of Reſt, ſo that the ſence would be to remove from
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              Figures, there being the Cauſes of moving ſimply, but yet not there
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              being Cauſes of Reſt, I would demand, whether we ought with
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Aristotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to underſtand, that all Figures univerſally, are, in ſome
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              manner, the cauſes of Reſt in thoſe Bodies, which otherwiſe would
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              move, or elſe ſome particular Figures only, as for Example, broad </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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