Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002636">
                <pb pagenum="413" xlink:href="016/01/062.jpg"/>
              tendenti. </s>
              <s id="s.002637">Sit rurſus A oculus in aëre, B
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              res viſa in aqua, perpendicularis ad aë­
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              rem BE, rectà BFA, inflectatur à perpen­
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              diculari ad oculum ex, F, vt fiat BFC, pro­
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              ducatur CF, in D, & B, videbitur in
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              C, igitur aquæ altitudo videbitur ſolùm
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              DE, Rurſus ſtella in cœlo D cœlum quic­
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              quid eſt ſupra EF, perpendicularis DE, ra­
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              dius qui directè procedit DFC, cùm per­
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              uenit ad F, medium denſius, id eſt, ad
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              aërem, inflectitur verſus cathetum, ſitque
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              DFA, per quem oculus A, videt D, ſtel­
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              lam: producatur ergo AF, directè, & vi­
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              debitur D in B, vbi ſcilicet concurrunt ca­
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              thetus DE, ex re viſa ad medium, & li­
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              nea B F A, cùm dirigitur à parte illa quæ
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              ad oculum pertingit, id eſt, pars AF, ocu­
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              lum tangens.
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            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002638">
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              Res quæ vi­
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              detur vbi
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              ſemper appa­
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              ret.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002639">
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              Cur ſtellæ
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              multò minus
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              ſublimes iu­
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              dicentur
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              quàm ſint.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002640">Sydera om­
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              nia cur in
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              oriente & oc­
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              cidente, ma­
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              iora videan­
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              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002641">At dices, ſtellæ multò propriùs videntur
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              eſſe quàm ſint, ſi vera ſunt quæ Aſtrologi
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              de illarum referunt altitudine: non igitur
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              altiores eſſe videntur quàm ſint. </s>
              <s id="s.002642">Fateor lon­
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              gè eas propius exiſtimari: ſed alia cauſa, ea
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              ſcilicet quòd medium ſpatium inter nos &
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              illas non compræhenditur: ob id contra­
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              ria ratione aſtra omnia dum oriuntur &
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              occidunt, maiora videntur, quàm in cœ­
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              li medio, quoniam terræ magnitudo in­
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              termedia facit, vt oculus ea plus diſtare
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              exiſtimet, & ob id eſſe maiora: nam &
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              turris vlna maior iudicatur ab oculo illius
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              diſtantiam compræhendente, tametſi mino­
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              rem angulum in oculo faciat vlna ipſa. </s>
              <s id="s.002643">Ob
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              id igitur aſtra propinqua videntur quòd
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              nullum eſt medium corpus inter ipſa &
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              oculum, cuius longitudinem oculus depræ­
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              hendere poſſit, atque ob id ipſa exiſti­
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              mare procul abeſſe, quamvis ( vt dixi )
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              medij ratio ea altiora oſtendat. </s>
              <s id="s.002644">Sed quòd
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              ſtellæ in Oriente, & Occidente maiores
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              videantur, facit & denſitas aëris, non in
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              qua nos ſumus, ſed quæ procul à nobis
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              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002645">Argumento id eſſe debet, quòd nebu­
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              loſo tempore aſtra etiam longè maiora vi­
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              dentur. </s>
              <s id="s.002646">Hoc autem eſſe non poſſet, ſi ob ſo­
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              lam diſtantiam id contingeret. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002647">Sed ad narrationem loci in quo res eſſe
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              videtur, exemplis peruenio. </s>
              <s id="s.002648">Sit oculus A,
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              res viſa B, ſpeculum CD, ducatur BF, per­
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                <figure id="id.016.01.062.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/062/1.jpg" number="34"/>
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              pendicularis ad ſuperficiem ſpeculi intelli­
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              gendo extenſam, non enim neceſſarium
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              eſt, vt tangat, & ducatur BE, reflexa ad
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              A, ita quòd angulus BEC ſit æqualis AED,
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              hoc enim neceſſarium eſt in omni radij re­
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              flexione à ſpeculo cuiuſcunque generis: du­
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              cta igitur parte reflexa AE, concurrat in
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              F, & ibi videbitur eſſe B, cui conſentit
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              experimentum. </s>
              <s id="s.002649">In cauo etiam ſpeculo CD,
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              cuius centrum E, res quæ videtur primò
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              ponatur B, per radium reflexum BCA ad
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              oculum, & manifeſtum eſt, quòd perpen­
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              dicularis erit BF, cui occurrat AC, reflexa
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              in puncto F, & hîc erit locus vbi videbi­
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              tur ab oculo A eſſe B, res quæ videtur, quò
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              fit vt non quemadmodum in priore figura
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              B appareat in F, in directo ſui. </s>
              <s id="s.002650">Hîc enim
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                <figure id="id.016.01.062.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/062/2.jpg" number="35"/>
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              plerunque videbitur non in directo F, ip­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg295"/>
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              ſius B, eò quòd oculus iudicat ad compa­
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              rationem plani cuiuſdam D K, ſuperiacen­
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              tis ſpeculo, & tamen punctus F, & ca­
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              thetus ſumitur à puncto E, quem oculus
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              nec videt, nec comprehendit. </s>
              <s id="s.002651">Sit rurſus
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              G, quod videtur in cauo ſpeculo, & per­
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              pendicularis GEF, neceſſariò erit, & per
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              GDA, reflexum radium videatur ab A ocu­
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              lo, igitur radius A D, occurret catheto in
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              H: igitur res videbitur in H, & ita in aëre
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                <figure id="id.016.01.062.3.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/062/3.jpg" number="36"/>
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              extra ſpeculum: & eſt mirabile, ſed con­
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              ſentit tamen experimento. </s>
              <s id="s.002652">Verùm longè
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              meliùs in magnis ſpeculis hæc fieri vidi­
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              mus, vt prorſus ſit res miraculo ſimilis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.002653">Sed fit etiam in aliis ſpeculorum ſpeciebus
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              velut conuexis, rotundis, ac columnari­
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              bus. </s>
              <s id="s.002654">Additur miraculo maius miraculum,
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              cùm res quæ non eſt in aëre videtur, dæ­
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              monum imitatione propoſita, vt Vi­
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              tellio docuit: cuius rationem inferius,
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              dum de luce & lumine loquemur, expo­
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              nemus. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002655">
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              In cauis ſpe­
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              culis res ma­
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              gis latere
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              videntur,
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              quàm ſint
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              plerumque.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002656">
                <margin.target id="marg295"/>
              Quomodo re
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              imago è ſpe­
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              culo in aëre
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              videatur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002657">
                <margin.target id="marg296"/>
              Lib. 7. cap.
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              vlt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002658">Igitur vt ad vltimum genus perueniam,
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              poſito rurſus conuexo ſpeculo CD, & ocu­
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              lo A, & B, re viſa, cathetus ad centrum ſpe­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg297"/>
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              culi BD GE, & illi occurrit radius refle­
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              xus AFC, in G, videbitur B. </s>
              <s id="s.002659">Eadem ratio
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              in colùmnaribus & conicis locum rei viſæ
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              oſtendit. </s>
              <s id="s.002660">Iam ergo tria ſunt, quæ neceſſa­
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              ria ſunt ad viſum: locus rei viſæ, & vt res
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              non ſit minor ea quæ minima eſt, quæ ſub
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              ea diſtantia videre poteſt: eam enim in qua­
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              cunque diſtantia inueniri eſt neceſſarium,
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              ſcilicet minimam, & quòd omnis res mini­
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              ma minor, eſt ac ſi non eſſet. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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