Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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1it with the mouth downwards; whilſt it is full of water, which is
conſtrained in the ſame manner to follow the Cup which contains it,
and to riſe above the other water into the Region of the Air, as the
Air is forced to follow the ſame Veſſell under the Surface of the
ter, till that in this caſe the water, ſurmounting the brimme of the
Cup, breaks in, driving thence the Air, and in that caſe, the ſaid
brimme coming out of the water, and arriving to the Confines of the
Air, the water falls down, and the Air ſub-enters to fill the cavity of
the Cup: upon which enſues, that he no leſs tranſgreſſes the
cles of the Convention, who produceth a Plate conjoyned with much
Air, to ſee if it de ſeend to the bottom in water, then he that makes
proof of the Reſiſtance againſt Elevation in Air with a Plate of Lead,
joyned with a like quantity of water.
An
ment of the
peration of
gures, in
creaſing or
ſening of the
Airs Reſiſtance
of Diviſion.
I have ſaid all that I could at preſent think of, to maintain the

Aſſertion I have undertook.
It remains, that I examine that which
Ariſtotle hath writ of this matter towards the end of his Book De Cælo;
wherein I ſhall note two things: the one that it being true as hath

been demonſtrated, that Figure hath nothing to do about the moving
or not moving it ſelf upwards or downwards, it ſeemes that Aristotle
at his firſt falling upon this Sp.
culation, was of the ſame opinion, as
in my opinion may be collected from the examination of his words.
Tis true, indeed, that in eſſaying afterwards to render a reaſon of
ſuch effect, as not having in my conceit hit upon the right, (which
in the ſecond place I will examine) it ſeems that he is brought to
admit the largeneſſe of Figure, to be intereſſed in this operation.
As to the firſt particuler, hear the preciſe words of Aristotle.
Ariſtotles
nion touching
the Operation
of Figure
amined.
Ariſtot de Cælo,
Lib. 4. Cap. 66.
Figures are not the Cauſes of moving ſimply upwards or downwards,

but of moving more ſlowly or ſwiftly, and by what means this comes to
paſs, it is not difficult to ſee.
Ariſtotle makes
not Figure the
cauſe of Motion
abſolutely, but
of ſwiſt or ſlow
motion,
Here firſt I note, that the terms being four, which fall under the
preſent conſideration, namely, Motion, Reſt, Slowly and Swiftly:

And Ariſtotle naming Figures as Cauſes of Tardity and Velocity,
cluding them from being the Cauſe of abſolute and ſimple Motion,
it ſeems neceſſary, that he exclude them on the other ſide, from being
the Cauſe of Reſt, ſo that his meaning is this.
Figures are not the
Cauſes of moving or not moving abſolutely, but of moving quickly
or ſlowly: and, here, if any ſhould ſay the mind of Ariſtotle is to
exclude Figures from being Cauſes of Motion, but yet not from
being Cauſes of Reſt, ſo that the ſence would be to remove from
Figures, there being the Cauſes of moving ſimply, but yet not there
being Cauſes of Reſt, I would demand, whether we ought with
Aristotle to underſtand, that all Figures univerſally, are, in ſome
manner, the cauſes of Reſt in thoſe Bodies, which otherwiſe would
move, or elſe ſome particular Figures only, as for Example, broad

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