Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
Text
Text Image
Image
XML
Thumbnail overview
Document information
None
Concordance
Figures
Thumbnails
List of thumbnails
<
1 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
91 - 100
101 - 110
111 - 120
121 - 130
131 - 140
141 - 150
151 - 160
161 - 170
171 - 180
181 - 190
191 - 200
201 - 210
211 - 220
221 - 230
231 - 240
241 - 250
251 - 260
261 - 270
271 - 280
281 - 290
291 - 300
301 - 310
311 - 320
321 - 330
331 - 340
341 - 350
351 - 360
361 - 370
371 - 380
381 - 390
391 - 400
401 - 410
411 - 420
421 - 430
431 - 440
441 - 450
451 - 460
461 - 470
471 - 480
481 - 490
491 - 500
501 - 510
511 - 520
521 - 530
531 - 540
541 - 550
551 - 560
561 - 570
571 - 580
581 - 590
591 - 600
601 - 610
611 - 620
621 - 630
631 - 640
641 - 650
651 - 660
661 - 670
671 - 679
>
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
<
1 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81 - 90
91 - 100
101 - 110
111 - 120
121 - 130
131 - 140
141 - 150
151 - 160
161 - 170
171 - 180
181 - 190
191 - 200
201 - 210
211 - 220
221 - 230
231 - 240
241 - 250
251 - 260
261 - 270
271 - 280
281 - 290
291 - 300
301 - 310
311 - 320
321 - 330
331 - 340
341 - 350
351 - 360
361 - 370
371 - 380
381 - 390
391 - 400
401 - 410
411 - 420
421 - 430
431 - 440
441 - 450
451 - 460
461 - 470
471 - 480
481 - 490
491 - 500
501 - 510
511 - 520
521 - 530
531 - 540
541 - 550
551 - 560
561 - 570
571 - 580
581 - 590
591 - 600
601 - 610
611 - 620
621 - 630
631 - 640
641 - 650
651 - 660
661 - 670
671 - 679
>
page
|<
<
of 679
>
>|
<
archimedes
>
<
text
>
<
body
>
<
chap
>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>
<
pb
pagenum
="
31
"/>
are exposed before his eyes. </
s
>
<
s
>There are just as great differences in hills as
<
lb
/>
there are in mountains, yet the miner does not dig except in those situated
<
lb
/>
in mountainous districts, and even very rarely in those. </
s
>
<
s
>It is however very
<
lb
/>
little to be wondered at that the hill in the Island of Lemnos was excavated,
<
lb
/>
for the whole is of a reddish-yellow colour, which furnishes for the inhabitÂ
<
lb
/>
ants that valuable clay so especially beneficial to mankind
<
emph
type
="
sup
"/>
10
<
emph.end
type
="
sup
"/>
. </
s
>
<
s
>In like
<
lb
/>
manner, other hills are excavated if chalk or other varieties of earth are
<
lb
/>
exposed, but these are not prospected for.</
s
>
</
p
>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>There are likewise many varieties of valleys and plains. </
s
>
<
s
>One kind is
<
lb
/>
enclosed on the sides with its outlet and entrance open; another has either
<
lb
/>
its entrance or its outlet open and the rest of it is closed in; both of these are
<
lb
/>
properly called valleys. </
s
>
<
s
>There is a third variety which is surrounded on all
<
lb
/>
sides by mountains, and these are called
<
emph
type
="
italics
"/>
convalles.
<
emph.end
type
="
italics
"/>
</
s
>
<
s
> Some valleys again,
<
lb
/>
have recesses, and others have none; one is wide, another narrow; one
<
lb
/>
is long, another short; yet another kind is not higher than the neighbouring
<
lb
/>
plain, and others are lower than the surrounding flat country. </
s
>
<
s
>But the
<
lb
/>
miner does not dig in those surrounded on all sides by mountains, nor in those
<
lb
/>
that are open, unless there be a low plain close at hand, or unless a vein
<
lb
/>
of metal descending from the mountains should extend into the valley.
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
>Plains differ from one another, one being situated at low elevation,
<
lb
/>
and others higher, one being level and another with a slight incline. </
s
>
<
s
>The
<
lb
/>
miner should never excavate the low-lying plain, nor one which is perfectly
<
lb
/>
level, unless it be in some mountain, and rarely should he mine in the other
<
lb
/>
kinds of plains.</
s
>
</
p
>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>With regard to the conditions of the locality the miner should
<
lb
/>
not contemplate mining without considering whether the place be
<
lb
/>
covered with trees or is bare. </
s
>
<
s
>If it be a wooded place, he who digs there
<
lb
/>
has this advantage, besides others, that there will be an abundant supply of
<
lb
/>
wood for his underground timbering, his machinery, buildings, smelting,
<
lb
/>
and other necessities. </
s
>
<
s
>If there is no forest he should not mine there unless
<
lb
/>
there is a river near, by which he can carry down the timber. </
s
>
<
s
>Yet wherever
<
lb
/>
there is a hope that pure gold or gems may be found, the ground can
<
lb
/>
be turned up, even though there is no forest, because the gems need only
<
lb
/>
to be polished and the gold to be purified. </
s
>
<
s
>Therefore the inhabitants of
<
lb
/>
hot regions obtain these substances from rough and sandy places, where
<
lb
/>
sometimes there are not even shrubs, much less woods.</
s
>
</
p
>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>The miner should next consider the locality, as to whether it has a
<
lb
/>
perpetual supply of running water, or whether it is always devoid of water
<
lb
/>
except when a torrent supplied by rains flows down from the summits of the
<
lb
/>
mountains. </
s
>
<
s
>The place that Nature has provided with a river or stream can </
s
>
</
p
>
</
chap
>
</
body
>
</
text
>
</
archimedes
>