Vitruvius
,
De architectura libri decem
,
1567
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514.01.068
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LIBER
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ruminatis Babylonis muris. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3306
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Vitr. </
s
>
<
s
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="
echoid-s3307
"
xml:space
="
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">quoque octaui libri capite tertio bitumine tradit, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3308
"
xml:space
="
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">latere teſtaceo structo
<
lb
/>
muro Semiramm cinxiſſe Babylonem.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3309
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Erat enim Babylone lacus ampliſſima magnitudine, qui limmi afphaltis
<
lb
/>
appellatur, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3310
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">habet ſupra natans liquidum bitumen.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3311
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Quid autem ſit bitumen, pix, quid piſaſpaltm, quid
<
lb
/>
ſaxum quadratum, ſilex, cæmentum, dictum eſt ſuo loco. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3312
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Deueniam ad noſtrorum temporum rationem, qua
<
lb
/>
inuri, mœiaq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3313
"
xml:space
="
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">mumiuntur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3314
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">idq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3315
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">quàm potero breuiſſime tranſigam.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3316
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Quod autem dictum eſta Vitr. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3317
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſequenti
<
lb
/>
deſcriptione declaratur.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3318
"
xml:space
="
preserve
"/>
</
p
>
<
p
style
="
it
">
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3319
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Vrbium fabricandarum ratio inuenta est, tum ut homines commode & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3320
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">bene uiuant, alter enim alterius
<
lb
/>
ope indiget, tum ut ab inſolentibus aliorum iniurijs tuti & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3321
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſecuri ſint.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3322
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Natura enim comparatum est, ut ſe
<
lb
/>
quiſque ſuosq́ quantum potest tueatur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3323
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Iniuriæ uero, offenſioneq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3324
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">uariæ ſunt, ac hominum improbitate
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.068-01
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.068-01a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">10</
note
>
omnes repertæ.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3325
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Contra eas defenſionum totidem genera eſse oportet: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3326
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">nos priuatas omittimus, de publicus
<
lb
/>
& </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3327
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">communibus agimus.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3328
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Vnde commune præceptum illud m primis obſeruandum eſt, mœnia eſſe facienda,
<
lb
/>
urbesq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3329
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">eſſe muniendas ſecundum tempora, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3330
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">offenſionum genera.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3331
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Vnde non est quod miremur, ſi alia ra-
<
lb
/>
tione alijs temporibus mœnia, muros, propugnacula, protas, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3332
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">huiuſmodi alia construimus. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3333
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Oportet igitur
<
lb
/>
ita munireurbes, ut qui cas defendunt tutiſint, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3334
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ut hoſtes offendi poſſint: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3335
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">offenduntur autem uel cum a mu-
<
lb
/>
ris longe arcentur, uel cum muris proximi ſunt, prohibentur ne accendant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3336
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">hinc neceſſitas illa eſt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3337
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ut ratio-
<
lb
/>
nem habeamus earum rerum, quæ in munitionibus requiruntur, quæ hæc ſunt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3338
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Murus cuius extenſio corti-
<
lb
/>
na ab italis nominatur, Propugnaculum, quod Valoardum uocant, aliàs pro latere ſumitur, Flancum appel-
<
lb
/>
lant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3339
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Foſſa, agger, quihumerus, uel ſpaltus dicitur, Via, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3340
"
xml:space
="
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">Platea. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3341
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">De ſingulis ſeparatim dicendum
<
lb
/>
eſt, nam prohibetur host
<
unsure
/>
is aqua, foſſa, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3342
"
xml:space
="
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">muro: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3343
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Arcetur propugnaculis, aggeribus: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3344
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">defenduntur repu-
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.068-02
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.068-02a
"
xml:space
="
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">20</
note
>
gnantes iateis, itineribus, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3345
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">murorum craſsitudine.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3346
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#In muris extruendis fundandi ratio habeatur a Vi-
<
lb
/>
cruuio deſumpta.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3347
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Craſſiora enim fundamenta ſunt facienda, quàm murus: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3348
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">craſsitudo autem amplius ex-
<
lb
/>
terius quàm interius proijciatur, nam cum murus ab humeris aggere impellatur, craſſitudo illa, quæ eſt pro
<
lb
/>
frone id efficit, quod pesin homine erecto, nam ſi ab anteriori parte quis repellatur, facile retrocedet, dire-
<
lb
/>
ctis enim cruribus & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3349
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">calcaneo non prominente efficitur, ut ſine fulcro cum ſit, facile cadat. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3350
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Si uero a tergo
<
lb
/>
protrudatur renitente pede, qui prominet, non dimouebitur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3351
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Sic murorum fundamenta, quamuis utrinque craſ
<
lb
/>
ſior a eſſe debeant & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3352
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">latiora quàm muri, ſitamen pro frone amplius extendantur, idempræstabunt, quod pes
<
lb
/>
in homine.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3353
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#Erigendi uerò ſunt muri ſumma diligentia,#præcinctionibusq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3354
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">cingendi, cordones appellant, ita
<
lb
/>
enun firmiores ſunt: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3355
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">non laudant aliqui pinnas in muris quas Merlos, aliàs canonieras uocant, quamuis ha-
<
lb
/>
ctenus inuiolabiliter obſeruatæ ſint. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3356
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">uolunt autem ut opereterreno conficiantur, exaggerenturq́;</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3357
"
xml:space
="
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">, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3358
"
xml:space
="
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">com-
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.068-03
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.068-03a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">30</
note
>
modiſſime paſſim construcantur, dirig anturq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3359
"
xml:space
="
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">ad eas partes, è quibus#hoſtis machinarum telis facillime lædi
<
lb
/>
poſſis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3360
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Non ſunt autem faciendi muri altitudine ampla, nam ſi machinis deijciuntur, cum altiſunt rumis, foſ
<
lb
/>
ſas materia implent, atque hostibus tanquaàm gradus faciunt.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3361
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">#muniuntur autem muri ratione illa. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3362
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">qua di-
<
lb
/>
ctum eſt, aggeribus ſcilicet, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3363
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">eriſmatis, uel anteridibus, ſperones dicunt, inter aggeres collocatis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3364
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Agger
<
lb
/>
autem ſolidiſſimus eſſe debet, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3365
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ampliſsimus, ut in eo acies instructæ ad defendendum commode præterire poſ
<
lb
/>
ſint; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3366
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Murorum uerò extenſio extra teli iactum ſine propugnaculis non ſit: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3367
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ducentorum paſſuum eam longitudi-
<
lb
/>
nem præfiniunt: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3368
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">propugnacula uerò aut altiori forma, aut depreſsiori forma quæſunt, caual
<
lb
/>
leros uocant, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3369
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Ealoardos, quæ uero#depreſsiori, planas formas dicunt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3370
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">efficiuntur autem planæ formæ
<
lb
/>
cum murorum cortinæ nimis extenduntur, nam indefenſæ cum ſint ob earum protenſionem, neceſſe eſt, ut la-
<
lb
/>
teribus fulciantur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3371
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Præſtant hoc interdum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3372
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">portæ ipſæ de quibus ca præcepta obſeruandaſunt, ut ita col-
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.068-04
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.068-04a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">40</
note
>
locentur, ut itiner ad eas directa non ſint, ut tutiores parte exteriori fabricentur, ut cortinam protegant, mt
<
lb
/>
cuſtodes ibi commode manere poſſint, ut potibus mobilibus, leuatores appellant, muniantur, ante pontes autẽ
<
lb
/>
directæ ſudes, ſublicæq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3373
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">acutiſſimæ eriguntur, rastra ſeu reſtella dicunt, ne tam facile aditus ad portas patere
<
lb
/>
poſſis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3374
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Auſteritatem quandam forma earum præferre debet; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3375
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Sed nos ad propugnacula. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3376
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Antiquiturribus ute
<
lb
/>
bantur angulis multiplicibus, uel circulari forma constructis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3377
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Noſtrorum uſus alius eſt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3378
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Triangularem formam
<
lb
/>
probaucrunt, in angulis autem murorum eacollocant, tum ut lateribns opem, hoſtibus damnum inferant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3379
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Dupli-
<
lb
/>
ci platea conſtruuntur, inferiori ſcilicet, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3380
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſuperiori. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3381
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Superior ideo fit, ut armati homines, qui repugnat com
<
lb
/>
mode ſtare poſſint, ut machinæ, quibus host
<
unsure
/>
es propelluntur, ſuis locis collocentur, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3382
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">icturetrocedentes ſine of-
<
lb
/>
fenſione recurrant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3383
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">inferior autem platea multa habet commoda pro militibus, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3384
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">deefenſoribus, rebusq́;</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3385
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3386
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">
<
lb
/>
munitionibus inuenta, ubi etiam planius aliqua tormenta ponuntur, quæ hoſtes muris proximos, cum foſſas occu
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.068-05
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.068-05a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">50</
note
>
pauerint, a ſcalis deijciant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3387
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Formam propugnaculi amplam fecimus ut facile intelligatur, partemq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3388
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">inferiorem
<
lb
/>
a ſuperiori distinximus, itaut ſuperpoſita pagella ſuperiorem plateam deſignet, ſubiecta uerò inferiorem, in qua
<
lb
/>
uias, ſcalas, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3389
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">loca difpoſita uides, menſurasq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3390
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">optime dist
<
unsure
/>
ributas: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3391
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">oportet autem latera tuta eſſe. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3392
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">hinc fit, ut
<
lb
/>
& </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3393
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">muri propugnacula, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3394
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">propugnacula muros defendant: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3395
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ictus enim qui per directas lineas deſcripti ſunt,
<
lb
/>
oftendunt mutuam propugnaculorum & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3396
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">murorum defenſionem, Muri carſsitudo pedum octo. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3397
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Anteridum in-
<
lb
/>
terualla pedum decem. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3398
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Aggeris craſsitudo pedum ſexaginta. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3399
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Platea ſuperior propugnaculi L.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3400
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">pedum centum& </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3401
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">
<
lb
/>
quindecim, hæc autem ſupra inferiorem alta eſt pedes ſexdecim, nam inferior ſupra alueum foſſæ alta eſt pedes
<
lb
/>
decem & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3402
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſeptem, Cruce iutem nia ſubterranea ſignificatur lata pedes decem, Litera M. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3403
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">oſtendit ibieſſe loca mu-
<
lb
/>
nitionum. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3404
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">S. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3405
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">uerò ſealas per dquas deorſum itur, ut circum propugnaculum contra ſuffoſſiones, quas mi-
<
lb
/>
nas dicunt, milites eant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3406
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">O.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3407
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">uerò Risnt itinera lata pedes 1 2. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s3408
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ad plateas inferiores, quarum longitudo pedũ octua
<
lb
/>
ginta, latita do uero quinquaginta, ubi collcantur machinæ, Orecchione uocant quorum munus eſt hoſtes pro-
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.068-06
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.068-06a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">60</
note
>
</
s
>
</
p
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
</
text
>
</
echo
>
