Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000048">
                <pb pagenum="358" xlink:href="016/01/007.jpg"/>
              Quæ autem pendent ab aliis, & corpore ca­
                <lb/>
              rent, alia aliorum ſunt cauſæ, alia nullius.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000049">Et quæ aliorum ſunt cauſæ, vt perpetuò
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              cauſæ ſint corporibus etiam immortalibus
                <lb/>
              annectuntur, vocantúrque ſubſtantiæ pri­
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              mæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000050">Quatuor igitur in his ſpectanda erunt,
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              vt intelligunt, vt producunt, vt manent
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              (in æuo enim eſſe videntur
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt mouent, at­
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              que corpori aſſiſtunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000051">Plurima verò in hoc
                <lb/>
              genere & in vltima tractatione ad libros de
                <lb/>
              æternitatis arcanis reiecta ſunt, quòd cùm
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              omnia hæc ſupra humanam mentem ſint
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              clariora, & quæ apertiùs demonſtrari pote­
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              rant, tùm generalia, tantùm huic negotio
                <lb/>
              pertinebant. </s>
              <s id="s.000052">Quæ verò immortalia & in­
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              corporea nullius erant cauſa: mortali cor­
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              pori annexa fuêre. </s>
              <s id="s.000053">Alia igitur horum ma­
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              nifeſta, alia de quibus eſt dubitatio. </s>
              <s id="s.000054">Atque
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              illa ſi ſint præclara magis, dæmonas quidam
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              vocant, de quibus ante intelligentias tra­
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              ctabimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000055">Tum verò ante illud de xxiv. ge­
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              neribus repræſentationum dictis, ob rei affi­
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              nitatem: plerique enim mirabilia ſunt, ad
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              hos veluti cauſas referunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000056">Verùm cùm an
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              ſint, nondum liqueat naturam ſpectantibus,
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              de his tantùm, velut de probabilibus loque­
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              mur, initium ab effectibus, ſolúmque id
                <lb/>
              cum dubitatione ſumentes. </s>
              <s id="s.000057">At de intelle­
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              ctus immortalitate, illiúſque ſeparatione,
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              aliàs dictum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000058">Reliquum eſt igitur, vt de
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              propriis illius affectus loquamur. </s>
              <s id="s.000059">Sunt au­
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              tem artes, de quibus ante illa tractabimus,
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              tùm de rebus, quæ artibus ipſis conſtant.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000060">Ante artes, de ſcientiis atque intellectu di­
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              cendum erit. </s>
              <s id="s.000061">Nam de Prudentia, in libris
                <lb/>
              de Sapientia diſputauimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000062">At priùs de Ani­
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              ma & Intellectu dicendum erit, quoniam
                <lb/>
              non eſt ſcientia, neque principiorum cogni­
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              tio abſque illis. </s>
              <s id="s.000063">Atque poſt hæc de leuioris
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              cuiuſdam generis ſubtilitatibus ſeu inutili­
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              bus, quæ nec ad artem, quòd non confe­
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              rant: nec ad ſcientiam, quòd non demon­
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              ſtrentur, referri queunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000064">Rurſus, vt anima
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              corpori mortali annectitur, ſenſus fiunt:
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              atque inde cùm ſenſus non ſint, niſi etiam
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              ſenſibilia, tum verò ſenſu ſenſibilia perci­
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              piente voluptas ſit, antea de his tribus di­
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              cendum erit, ſcilicet de ſenſu, ſenſibilibus,
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              ac voluptate. </s>
              <s id="s.000065">Colores tamen ad luminis tra­
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              ctationem ob commodum reiicimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000066">Cor­
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              porearum verò ſubſtantiarum aliæ quidem
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              immortales, vt cœlum: aliæ corruptioni
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              obnoxiæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000067">Horum etiam quædam ſimplices,
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              aliæ mixtæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000068">Atque omnium horum ſunt
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              principia quædam, velut locus & motus,
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              & corporum repugnantia, & certa menſu­
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              ra ſubſtantiæ: neque enim diſſolui poteſt
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              corpus in incorporea, neque vacuum admit­
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              titur. </s>
              <s id="s.000069">Tum etiam forma eſt principium, at­
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              que communis cum aliis tam generabilibus,
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              quàm ingenerabilibus corporibus. </s>
              <s id="s.000070">Igitur de
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              omnibus his quinque, tum de materia, pri­
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              mo loco, atque in primo libro tractandum
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              erit. </s>
              <s id="s.000071">Poſt hæc de quatuor elementis
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              tot
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              enim exiſtimantur
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              inde de cœlo, pòſt de
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              luce, lumine atque coloribus. </s>
              <s id="s.000072">Inde ad com­
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              poſita corpora deſcendendum. </s>
              <s id="s.000073">Horum quæ­
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              dam perfecta, quædam imperfecta, de qui­
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              bus primò dicendum erit. </s>
              <s id="s.000074">Conſtant hæc mi­
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              ſtione. </s>
              <s id="s.000075">De miſtione igitur quinto loco di­
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              cendum erit. </s>
              <s id="s.000076">Perfectorum autem corporum
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              & quæ viuunt, quædam vitam in ſeipſis
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              habent, atque horum alia aqueæ ſubſtan­
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              tiæ, quæ Metalla vocantur: quædam ter­
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              reæ, quæ Lapides dicuntur: Cùm verò hæc
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              generatione & corruptione, & mutatione
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              qualitatum fiant, imprimis de metallis: de
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              mutatione qualitatum, quam barbari vo­
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              cant Altercationem, dicendum erit: pòſt
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              de Lapidibus. </s>
              <s id="s.000077">Eorum autem quæ vitam
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              aliundè trahunt, quædam motu carent, vt
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              arbores, & herbæ, de quibus octauo loco
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              dicendum eſt: pòſt de his quæ motu prædi­
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              ta ſunt, non tamen ſemine generantur. </s>
              <s id="s.000078">At
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              de generatione tali dicendum erit: ſicut in
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              decimo de Generatione, quæ ſemine in ani­
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              malibus fit. </s>
              <s id="s.000079">Atque hæc animalia intellectu
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              carent. </s>
              <s id="s.000080">De corpore verò, quod ſummam
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              perfectionem conſecutum eſt,
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              illud autem
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              eſt homo ) cur factum ſit, & de illius for­
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              ma atque actionibus dicendum erit. </s>
              <s id="s.000081">Duode­
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              cimus verò ea tractat de illo, quæ ad cor­
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              pus pertinent, atque hæc quatuor ſunt ge­
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              nerum: quædam enim aliis ſunt communia
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              animalibus, quædam propria: quædam ſunt
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              actiones ex ſubſtantiæ propria quadam na­
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              tura, quædam verò quæ ad illius manife­
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              ſtam ſtructuram referuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.000082">Iam verò &
                <lb/>
              quædam ſunt accidentia, de quibus dicen­
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              dum eſt, velut grauitas, leuitas: hæc au­
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              tem in elementis, denſitas, raritas, aſpe­
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              ritas, lenitas, durities, mollities: atque
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              hæc in miſtis, communiáque, velut genitis
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              nitor, perſpicuitas, figuráque genitis ſo­
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              lùm. </s>
              <s id="s.000083">Quædam verò de aliis tantùm dicun­
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              tur, vt generatio, corruptio, nutritio, mu­
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              tatio, auctio, attractio, retentio, conco­
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              ctio, expulſio. </s>
              <s id="s.000084">Subtilitas verò in omnibus
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              his, quorum genera numerauimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000085">Quod
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              igitur tot ſint, de quibus tractandum eſt, &
                <lb/>
              quòd plura eſſe non poſſint, tùm verò quæ
                <lb/>
              de illis demonſtranda, & quo ordine, abun­
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              dè me explicaſſe reor. </s>
              <s id="s.000086">Vnde non leuis vti­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg5"/>
                <lb/>
              litas ex tanto labore, ſed quanta vnquam
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              alia ex tractatione poſſit haberi, ſeu ad
                <lb/>
              vnum tantùm genus, ſeu ad plurima refe­
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              ratur. </s>
              <s id="s.000087">Primùm enim ad omnem naturæ co­
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              gnitionem confert, & ad difficilium rerum
                <lb/>
              ſcientiam, & obſcurarum inuentionem, li­
                <lb/>
              bris quoque interpretandis omnibus aliqua
                <lb/>
              in parte auxiliatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000088">Artium vires docet, ac
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              noua quædam ſcitu iucunda commonſtrat,
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              tum ex his etiam, quæ ad comparandas di­
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              uitias, & opes non parùm momenti afferunt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000089">Decernit & circa antiquas, & non leues du­
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              bitationes, quid verum ſit, velut in chymi­
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              cis. </s>
              <s id="s.000090">Oſtendit & prodigioſa opera tùm natu­
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              ræ, tùm artis. </s>
              <s id="s.000091">Reuocat & antiqua in vſum
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              inuenta, quæ vetuſtate, vel bellis gra­
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              uiſſimis excoluerunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000092">Et quæ ſenſibus ad­
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              miranda videntur, cur fiant, in omni­
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              bus edocet. </s>
              <s id="s.000093">Iam verò propoſitum rem ag­
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              grediamur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000094">
                <margin.target id="marg3"/>
              Subtilitas in
                <lb/>
              quib. ſit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000095">Quæ
                <expan abbr="tractã-da">tractan­
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                da</expan>
              ſint in
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              his libris.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000096">
                <margin.target id="marg4"/>
              Ordo li­
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              brorum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000097">
                <margin.target id="marg5"/>
              Vtilitas.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000098">Hylen eſſe, oſtendit rerum ipſarum per­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg6"/>
                <lb/>
              petua generatio, quæ ſemper ex aliquo fit
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              alio. </s>
              <s id="s.000099">Etenim frumenta ex terra & humore,
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              & animalia ex ſemine, & ſanguine, vel
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              ouis, & cinis ex lignis: nec quicquam tam
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              puſillum eſt, quòd ex nullo fiat. </s>
              <s id="s.000100">Nec ſuffi­
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              cit, vt aliquid præſit, cùm non ex arundi-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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