Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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other sand, and scattered far and wide in different directions, or they
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sink down into the depths of the sea. </
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<
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>For the same reasons, the sands of
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lakes can very rarely be washed successfully, even though the streams rising
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from the mountains pour their whole volume of water into them. </
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<
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>The
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particles of metals and gems from the springs are very rarely carried into the
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marshes, which are generally in level and open places. </
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<
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>Therefore, the
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miner, in the first place, washes the sand of the spring, then of the stream
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which flows from it, then finally, that of the river into which the stream
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discharges. </
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<
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>It is not worth the trouble to wash the sands of a large
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river which is on a level plain at a distance from the mountains. </
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<
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>Where
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several springs carrying metals discharge their waters into one river, there
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is more hope of productive results from washing. </
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<
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>The miner does not
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neglect even the sands of the streams in which excavated ores have been
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washed.</
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<
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>The waters of springs taste according to the juice they contain, and
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they differ greatly in this respect. </
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<
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>There are six kinds of these tastes which
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the worker
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14
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especially observes and examines; there is the salty kind,
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which shows that salt may be obtained by evaporation; the nitrous, which
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indicates soda; the aluminous kind, which indicates alum; the vitrioline,
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which indicates vitriol; the sulphurous kind, which indicates sulphur;
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and as for the bituminous juice, out of which bitumen is melted down, the
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colour itself proclaims it to the worker who is evaporating it. </
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<
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>The sea
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water however, is similar to that of salt springs, and may be drawn into
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low-lying pits, and, evaporated by the heat of the sun, changes of
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itself into salt; similarly the water of some salt-lakes turns to salt when dried
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by the heat of summer. </
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<
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>Therefore an industrious and diligent man observes
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and makes use of these things and thus contributes something to the
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common welfare.</
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<
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>The strength of the sea condenses the liquid bitumen which flows into
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it from hidden springs, into amber and jet, as I have described already in
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my books “
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De Subterraneorum Ortu et Causis
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”
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15
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. </
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<
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>The sea, with certain
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