Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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1worthy of very particular conſideration, which is, That the Sun
drying up that mudde, eſpecially in the times of hot Summers,
doth raiſe thence the putrified and pernicious vapours, fogs, and
exhalations that infect the Air, and may render the City unha­
bitable.
The ſecond Head is the great Stoppage that daily is grow­
ing in the Ports, eſpecially of Venice, at Malamoco; concerning
which matters I will hint certain general points, and then
will proceed to the more particular and important affairs.
And firſt, I ſay, that I hold it altogether impoſſible to effect
any thing, though never ſo profitable, which doth not bring with
it ſome miſchief; and therefore the good and the hurt ought to
be very well weighed, and then the leſſe harmful part to be im­
braced.
Secondly, I propoſe to conſideration, that the ſo notable diſ­
covery of Earth & Mud, hath not been long obſerved, as I under­
ſtand, from old perſons that can remember paſſages for fifty
years paſt; which thing being true, as to me it ſeemeth moſt
true, it ſhould appear that it could not but be good to reduce
matters to that paſſe that they were at formerly, (laying aſide
all affection or paſſion that ſelf-flattering minds have entertained
for their own conceits) or at leaſt it ſhall be neceſſary ſpeedily to
conſult the whole.
Thirdly, I hold that it is neceſſary to weigh, whether from the
foreſaid diſcovery of Land, it followeth, that onely the Earth ri­
ſeth, as it is commonly thought by all, without diſpute; or whe­
ther the Waters are abated and faln away; or elſe whether it
proceedeth from both the one and other cauſe.
And here it would
be ſeaſonable to enquire, what ſhare the ſaid cauſes may have,
each conſidered apart in the foreſaid effect.
For, in the firſt
caſe, if the Earth have been raiſed, it would be neceſſary to
conſider of taking it down, and removing it: But if the Wa­
ters have failed or abated, I believe that it would be extreamly ne­
ceſſary to reſtore and raiſe them: And if both theſe reaſons have
conſpired in this effect, it will be neceſſary to remedy them each
apart.
And I do, for my part, think, that the ſo notable appea­
rance of Shelves at the time of low Water, proceeds principally
from the decreaſe and abatement of the Waters, which may
confidently be affirmed to need no other proof, in regard that the
Brent hath been actually diverted which did formerly diſcharge
its Water into the Lake.
As to the other point of the great Stoppage of Ports, I hold,
that all proceedeth from the violence of the Sea, which being
ſometimes diſturbed by windes, eſpecially at the time of the wa­
ters flowing, doth continually raiſe from its bottome immenſe

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