Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003288">
                <pb pagenum="430" xlink:href="016/01/079.jpg"/>
              tate: perſpicuum autem actu nullo colore
                <lb/>
              conſtat. </s>
              <s id="s.003289">Si obſcuritas quædam aqueo adiun­
                <lb/>
              gatur, fit cœleſtis, vel cœruleus color: vt
                <lb/>
              in cœlo. </s>
              <s id="s.003290">Quidam colores luminis videntur
                <lb/>
              eſſe experteas, quia in rebus ſunt nitore ca­
                <lb/>
              rentibus: vt liuidus, ater, & ferrugineus. </s>
              <s id="s.003291">Ater
                <lb/>
              eſt niger, omni ſplendore carens, vt atra­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg405"/>
                <lb/>
              mentum & carbo. </s>
              <s id="s.003292">Pramnius (vt dixi) cùm
                <lb/>
              ſplendet, niger communis eſt illis. </s>
              <s id="s.003293">Eſt colos
                <lb/>
              nomine carens, qualis in lacca rubeus ob­
                <lb/>
              ſcurus, hunc lacceum vocabis. </s>
              <s id="s.003294">Quidam co­
                <lb/>
              lores lucem modò admittunt, modò non ha­
                <lb/>
              bent, vt cœruleus & praſſius. </s>
              <s id="s.003295">Albus fit, cùm
                <lb/>
              humida exareſcunt, vt folia: vel ſi ſitum
                <lb/>
              contrahant, vt panes, & pili in ſenibus, &
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg406"/>
                <lb/>
              in morbis, & generaliter in debilibus. </s>
              <s id="s.003296">Nam
                <lb/>
              & capræ, & boues hoc colore habentur vi­
                <lb/>
              liores atque imbecilliores nigris aut ferru­
                <lb/>
              gineis. </s>
              <s id="s.003297">Canities enim fit, cùm humidum
                <lb/>
              putreſcit, & ob putredinem rareſcit, & ob
                <lb/>
              raritatem aër ingreditur. </s>
              <s id="s.003298">Declarauimus au­
                <lb/>
              tem ſuprà, putredinem non fieri in ſitu per­
                <lb/>
              fectam, ſed quòd à frigido moderetur. </s>
              <s id="s.003299">Fiunt
                <lb/>
              & alba à ſicco nimio, vt in calce, oſſibúſque
                <lb/>
              combuſtis. </s>
              <s id="s.003300">Quædam etiam alba fiunt humi­
                <lb/>
              do non concocto, vt oſſa & radices. </s>
              <s id="s.003301">Item
                <lb/>
              medullæ quædam, vt ſpinæ, & cerebrum, &
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg407"/>
                <lb/>
              oſſa. </s>
              <s id="s.003302">Niger fit aduſtione aërei, vel terrei hu­
                <lb/>
              midi: aërei quidem, vt atramentum pro
                <lb/>
              typis, quod fiat fumo olei ſeminis lini: tum
                <lb/>
              verò carbones & fuligo, terrei. </s>
              <s id="s.003303">Fit & nigrum
                <lb/>
              excluſo omni aëre ob terram & aquam mi­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg408"/>
                <lb/>
              ſtam, vt ſub impluuiis vmbroſis. </s>
              <s id="s.003304">Hæ igitur
                <lb/>
              ſunt colorum cauſæ, quibus facilè eſt intel­
                <lb/>
              ligere, cur animalibus non paucis color pi­
                <lb/>
              lorum nigrior ſit ab ortu, quàm ætate pro­
                <lb/>
              cedente: quoniam calor in vtero magis ef­
                <lb/>
              ficax fuerat, & humidum pinguius, quod
                <lb/>
              temporis ſucceſſu dilutum eſt aqueo. </s>
              <s id="s.003305">Indi­
                <lb/>
              cio eſt quòd ab ortu, nulli animali fiunt pili
                <lb/>
              nigri, inde tempore procedente, rufi aut fla­
                <lb/>
              ui. </s>
              <s id="s.003306">Nos quidem, vt mater retulit, cum capil­
                <lb/>
              lis craſſis ac nigris prælongis nati ſumus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003307">Sed cur nullis animalibus pili virides, neque
                <lb/>
              capilli non etiam purpurei, aut vinoſi? </s>
              <s id="s.003308">Quo­
                <lb/>
              niam pilus cùm ſit denſa & craſſa ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tia minimè lucis eſt capax: hi autem colo­
                <lb/>
              res multa luce indigent, vt demonſtratum
                <lb/>
              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.003309">Fiunt tamen aurei capilli, quia rari &
                <lb/>
              flaui ſunt, concipiúntque lumen, præſertim
                <lb/>
              ſi ſæpius lauentur. </s>
              <s id="s.003310">At aureus colos fit flauo
                <lb/>
              illuminato. </s>
              <s id="s.003311">Sunt autem colores principales,
                <lb/>
              albus, croceus, purpureus, puniceus, viridis,
                <lb/>
              cœruleus, niger. </s>
              <s id="s.003312">Fiunt autem diuerſis ex ma­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg409"/>
                <lb/>
              teriis, ſed metallica diuturniora, ſæpius
                <lb/>
              etiam viuaciora: albus ceruſſa, rubeus cin­
                <lb/>
              nabari, cœruleus cyaneo lapide
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              lazuli vo­
                <lb/>
              cant vulgares) flauus auripigmento, niger
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg410"/>
                <lb/>
              terra eius coloris, viridis ærugine. </s>
              <s id="s.003313">Olim
                <lb/>
              purpureus fiebat è ſanguine muricis piſ­
                <lb/>
              pis. </s>
              <s id="s.003314">Erat hoc purpuræ genus ſplendidum
                <lb/>
              valde, & regibus familiare, longéque aliud à
                <lb/>
              noſtro, quod cum cocco fit. </s>
              <s id="s.003315">Virgil.
                <lb/>
                <emph type="quote"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Tyrióque ardebat murice læna.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph.end type="quote"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003316">
                <margin.target id="marg383"/>
              Niueus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003317">
                <margin.target id="marg384"/>
              Candidus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003318">
                <margin.target id="marg385"/>
              Lacteus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003319">
                <margin.target id="marg386"/>
              Albus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003320">Niger.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003321">
                <margin.target id="marg387"/>
              Prannius.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003322">Argenteus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003323">Plumbeus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003324">
                <margin.target id="marg388"/>
              Aqueus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003325">
                <margin.target id="marg389"/>
              Cinereus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003326">
                <margin.target id="marg390"/>
              Liuidus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003327">
                <margin.target id="marg391"/>
              Palearis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003328">
                <margin.target id="marg392"/>
              Flauus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003329">Aureus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003330">Luteus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003331">
                <margin.target id="marg393"/>
              Croceus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003332">Flammeus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003333">Purpureus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003334">Subrubens.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003335">
                <margin.target id="marg394"/>
              Rubeus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003336">Roſeus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003337">Vinoſus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003338">
                <margin.target id="marg395"/>
              Puniceus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003339">Viridis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003340">
                <margin.target id="marg396"/>
              Citreus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003341">
                <margin.target id="marg397"/>
              Praſſius.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003342">Æruginoſus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003343">
                <margin.target id="marg398"/>
              Luridus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003344">
                <margin.target id="marg399"/>
              Ceruleus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003345">
                <margin.target id="marg400"/>
              Cœruleus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003346">
                <margin.target id="marg401"/>
              Ferrugineus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003347">Pullus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003348">
                <margin.target id="marg402"/>
              Melonge­
                <lb/>
              neus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003349">
                <margin.target id="marg403"/>
              Colores om­
                <lb/>
              nes ex tribus
                <lb/>
              conſtant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003350">
                <margin.target id="marg404"/>
              Colores mul­
                <lb/>
              tum lucis
                <expan abbr="ſe-cũ">ſe­
                  <lb/>
                cum</expan>
              habentes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003351">
                <margin.target id="marg405"/>
              Laceus co­
                <lb/>
              lor.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003352">
                <margin.target id="marg406"/>
              Caniciei
                <lb/>
              cauſa.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003353">
                <margin.target id="marg407"/>
              Atramentum
                <lb/>
              pro typis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003354">
                <margin.target id="marg408"/>
              Cur aliqua
                <lb/>
              animalia
                <lb/>
              naſcuntur
                <lb/>
              cum pilis ni­
                <lb/>
              gris quæ æta­
                <lb/>
              tis ſucceſſu
                <lb/>
              deſinunt eſſe
                <lb/>
              nigra.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003355">Cur nulli
                <lb/>
              animali pili
                <lb/>
              virides.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003356">
                <margin.target id="marg409"/>
              Colorum
                <lb/>
              materia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003357">
                <margin.target id="marg410"/>
              Purpura
                <lb/>
              quæ ſit &
                <lb/>
              qualis fue­
                <lb/>
              rit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003358">Non totus ſanguis huius conchæ ap­
                <lb/>
              tior, ſed qui in faucibus tantùm colligeba­
                <lb/>
              tur, & à viuente animali: cum vita enim
                <lb/>
              ſplendor, & gratia ſucco peribat. </s>
              <s id="s.003359">Concha
                <lb/>
              turbinata, intus rubens, exterius quaſi ſpi­
                <lb/>
              culis ſparſim munita, in mucronem deſinit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003360">Africa cœruleam olim mittebat, Tyrus ru­
                <lb/>
              bentem: nunc periit vſus, nec ſatis ſcio
                <lb/>
              cur. </s>
              <s id="s.003361">Bonum eſſet, ſi reuocaretur: precio­
                <lb/>
              ſior enim & pulchrior tinctura quam coc­
                <lb/>
              cus. </s>
              <s id="s.003362">At de cocco dicemus in plantarum hi­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg411"/>
                <lb/>
              ſtoria, nunc ad ſermonem de lumine redea­
                <lb/>
              mus: illud in dubium vertentes, cur ſcili­
                <lb/>
              cet cùm ex toto Sole iam radios procedere
                <lb/>
              dixerimus, Solémque ipſum terra longè
                <lb/>
              maiorem, non vmbræ omnibus rectæ ſint,
                <lb/>
              & vndique etiam æſtas ſemper? </s>
              <s id="s.003363">At cauſa
                <lb/>
              huius eſt, quòd quanquam radij ad perpen­
                <lb/>
              diculum in terram deferantur, vt plana eſt
                <lb/>
              (hoc enim confiteri neceſſarium eſt) haud
                <lb/>
              tamen in centrum hi radij terræ diriguntur:
                <lb/>
              vnde cùm rotunda ſit non plana terra, ra­
                <lb/>
              dij qui ad nos veniunt ex ſitu rerum, quæ
                <lb/>
              terræ incumbunt, ad perpendiculum non
                <lb/>
              ſunt conſtituti: vnde ſolùm verticem, quaſi
                <lb/>
              ex puncto Sol à parte Boreali tangit, vm­
                <lb/>
              bras igitur auſtrales efficere non poteſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003364">Facilè iſtud figura effinges, ſi duos circu­
                <lb/>
              los, alterum minorem, maiorem alterum,
                <lb/>
              deſcribas. </s>
              <s id="s.003365">In minore autem à centro ductis
                <lb/>
              lineis, paululum extra circulum ipſum pro­
                <lb/>
              feras, quicquid extra fuerit, homines, plan­
                <lb/>
              tas, turres & montes exiſtima, videbis quàm
                <lb/>
              minimo ſpatio comprehendatur, quod ex
                <lb/>
              vtraque parte radios à maiore circulo exci­
                <lb/>
              pere poteſt: ergo ſolùm hi, qui per dimi­
                <lb/>
              diam partem, id eſt, per ſtadia trecenta quin­
                <lb/>
              quaginta, quæ Soli è directo ſubiicitur, vm­
                <lb/>
              bras habebunt rectas. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003366">
                <margin.target id="marg411"/>
              Cur cum ſol
                <lb/>
              ſit maior ter
                <lb/>
              ra, non
                <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>
                <lb/>
              radios &
                <lb/>
              vmbras re­
                <lb/>
              ctas vbique
                <lb/>
              mittat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003367">Dubitabit autem aliquis quoniam par­
                <lb/>
              tem Ptolemæus 500. ſtadiis definit, alij 700.
                <lb/>
              Hoc autem contigit, quoniam Ptolemæus
                <lb/>
              iter rectà definiuit, Eratoſthenes autem,
                <lb/>
              commune. </s>
              <s id="s.003368">Sed vt ad propoſitum redeam,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg412"/>
                <lb/>
              quæri etiam ſolet, cur non vbique æſtas
                <lb/>
              ſit, cùm vbique ſuper planum terris radij ad
                <lb/>
              perpendiculum incidant. </s>
              <s id="s.003369">At dices, non ad
                <lb/>
              perpendiculum ſunt: non enim ad cen­
                <lb/>
              trum terræ tendunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003370">At id non ſufficere vi­
                <lb/>
              detur, cùm ratio reflexionis ex hoc robur
                <lb/>
              (vt oſtendimus) accipiat, quòd radius in ſe
                <lb/>
              redeat: at magnitudo terræ hoc facit: nam
                <lb/>
              & plana ſpecula ad perpendiculum refle­
                <lb/>
              ctunt, ſi ſupina in terram ponantur. </s>
              <s id="s.003371">Verùm
                <lb/>
              hoc non eſt, imò aliò radij reflexi tendunt
                <lb/>
              ad aduerſam Solis partem. </s>
              <s id="s.003372">Quomodo igi­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg413"/>
                <lb/>
              tur à planis ſpeculis ad perpendiculum fiet
                <lb/>
              reflexio? </s>
              <s id="s.003373">Cùm ſic Soli fuerit expoſitum, vt
                <lb/>
              illius ſuperficies ſi protracta quantum ve­
                <lb/>
              lim intelligatur, ſemper æquidiſtet ſuper­
                <lb/>
              ficiei planæ Solem contingenti in puncto,
                <lb/>
              per quam producta ex centro Solis ad ſuper­
                <lb/>
              ficiem ſpeculi rectà tranſit. </s>
              <s id="s.003374">Finge igitur
                <lb/>
              ex terræ centro lineas ad illius ſuperficiem
                <lb/>
              venientes planis orthogonias incumbere,
                <lb/>
              intelliges ea plana nihil facere, vt radij
                <lb/>
              ex Sole, quamuis maior ſit longè terra, in
                <lb/>
              ipſa plana ſint orthogonij. </s>
              <s id="s.003375">Cùm igitur ad
                <lb/>
              nus Solis radij, noſtrámque planitiem ve­
                <lb/>
              niant, nec ad perpendiculum centri ratione
                <lb/>
              terræ, cùm in terræ centrum non tendant:
                <lb/>
              nec velut ſuper erectam ſpeculi ſuperficiem,
                <lb/>
              cùm planum terræ ſit in quod quæ ad per­
                <lb/>
              pendiculum ex centro terræ cadat: nec pla­
                <lb/>
              num hoc plano Solis æquidiſtare illi poſſit,
                <lb/>
              in quod rectà è centro Solis ad
                <expan abbr="perpendiculũ">perpendiculum</expan>
              </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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