Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="068/01/082.jpg" pagenum="68"/>
              And ſo great is the eſteem that I have for that which I am now
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              about to ſay touching this particular, that I am content that all
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              the reſt of my Diſcourſe be rejected; provided, that that be per­
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              fectly underſtood, which I am hereafter to propoſe, I holding
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              and knowing it to be a main Principle, upon which all that is
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              founded that can be ſaid either well or handſomely on this parti­
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              cular. </s>
              <s>The other Diſcourſes may have an appearance of being
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              probable, but this hits the mark as full as can be deſired, arriving
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              at the higheſt degree of certainty.</s>
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              <s>I have, ſeventeen years ſince, as I repreſented to the moſt Se­
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              rene Prince, and to the Right Honourable the Preſident of the
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              Lords the Commiſſioners of the ^{*}Sewers, written a Treatiſe of the
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg972"/>
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              Meaſure of the waters that move, in which I Geometrically de­
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              monſtrate and declare this buſineſſe, and they who ſhall have
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              well underſtood the ground of my Diſcourſe, will reſt fully ſa­
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              tisfied with that which I am now about to propoſe: But that all
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              may become rhe more eaſie, I will more briefly explicate and
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              declare ſo much thereof as I have demonſtrated in the Diſcourſe,
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              which will ſuffice for our purpoſe: And if that ſhould not be
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              enough, we have alwayes the experiment of a very eaſie and
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              cheap way to clear up the whole buſineſſe. </s>
              <s>And moreover I
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              will take the boldneſſe to affirm, that in caſe there ſhould not for
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              the preſent any deliberation be made concerning this affair, ac­
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              cording to my opinion; yet nevertheleſſe it will be, at ſome
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              time or other; or if it be not, things will grow worſe and
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              worſe.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
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              *
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              I. </s>
              <s>Savii dell'
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              Acque,
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              a particu­
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              lar Council that
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              take care of the
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              Lakes and other
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              Aquatick affairs.</s>
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              <s>For more clear underſtanding, therefore, it ought to be known,
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              that it being required, as it is generally uſed, to meaſure the wa­
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              ters of a River, its breadth and its depth is taken, and theſe two
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              dimenſions being multiplied together, the product is affirmed to
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              be the quantity of that River: As for example, if a River ſhall
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              be 100. feet broad, and 20. feet high, it will be ſaid, that that
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              River is 2000 feet of Water, and ſo if a Ditch ſhall be 15. feet
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              broad, and 5. feet high, this ſame Ditch will be affirmed to be
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              75. feet of Water: And this manner of meaſuring Running
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              Water hath been uſed by the Ancients, and by Moderns, with
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              no other difference, ſave onely that ſome have made uſe of the
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              Foot, others of the Palme, others of the Brace, and others of
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              other meaſures.</s>
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              <s>Now becauſe that in obſerving theſe Waters that move, I fre­
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              quently found, that the ſame Water of the ſame River was in
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              ſome ſites of its Chanel pretty big, and in others much leſſe,
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              not arriving in ſome places to the twentieth, nor to the hundreth
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              part of that which it is ſeen to be in other places; therefore this
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              vulgar way of meaſuring the Waters that move, for that they did </s>
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