Caverni, Raffaello, Storia del metodo sperimentale in Italia, 1891-1900

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            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="020/01/083.jpg" pagenum="64"/>
              rappresentate dai due pianeti inferiori. </s>
              <s>Ma intanto il grande Astro­
                <lb/>
              nomo prussiano che non ha ancora il minimo sentore di quelle
                <lb/>
              fisiche prove, si assicura di aver colto nel vero, scortovi unicamente
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              dalla Geometrizzante Natura, e si compiace di esser così riuscito a
                <lb/>
              risolvere il celebre problema pitagorico, proposto in così fatti ter­
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              mini da Platone: “ quomodo per ordinatos circulares et æquales
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              motus salvari possunt phænomena. </s>
              <s>” </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Sembrerebbe che un altro frutto allegato e maturato negli orti
                <lb/>
              di Academo, allato all'Astronomia copernicana, dovesse esser l'Ot­
                <lb/>
              tica. </s>
              <s>Il carattere geometrico infatti di questa scienza persuase alcuni
                <lb/>
              autori a scrivere che ella fu coltivata principalmente dai discepoli
                <lb/>
              di Platone, e infatti dette opera a scriver dell'Ottica lo stesso
                <lb/>
              Euclide. </s>
              <s>Dell'Ottica però scrisse anche Tolomeo, le dottrine del
                <lb/>
              quale furono accolte e diffuse dall'arabo Alhazen, cosicchè può dirsi
                <lb/>
              che fosse questa scienza coltivata con egual profitto dalle due scuole. </s>
              <s>
                <lb/>
              Nè ciò fa maraviglia, perchè se la platonica s'aiutava della Geome­
                <lb/>
              tria, l'aristotelica si giovava del principio dell'intromissione delle
                <lb/>
              specie nell'occhio, mentre il principio platonico dell'estramissione
                <lb/>
              impediva grandemente alla scienza di progredire. </s>
              <s>Di qui è che
                <lb/>
              s'intende come potesse avvantaggiarsi l'Ottica in Vilellione, il quale
                <lb/>
              ai placiti del Filosofo ateniese oppose la proposizione V del terzo
                <lb/>
              libro stampato per cura di Pietro Appiano in Norimberga nel 1551.
                <lb/>
              “ Impossibile est visum rebus visis applicari per radios ab oculis
                <lb/>
              egressos. </s>
              <s>” Le prove di ciò addotte dall'Autore sono inoppugnabili. </s>
              <s>
                <lb/>
              Se i raggi visivi, egli dice, escon dall'occhio o son corporei o sono
                <lb/>
              incorporei. </s>
              <s>Se corporei, com'è possibile che lo spirito visivo si
                <lb/>
              diffonda così corporalmente infino alle più lontane stelle? </s>
              <s>se in­
                <lb/>
              corporei, come possono far impressione corporale sopra gli organi
                <lb/>
              de'sensi? </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>In così argomentare, accenna il famoso Autore pollacco a una
                <lb/>
              questione, che teneva incerte tutte le scuole di que'tempi, ed è la
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              questione celebre della natura della luce, dalla soluzion della quale
                <lb/>
              dovevano dipendere le future sorti dell'Ottica. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Francesco Maurolico non riuscì a risolvere la difficile questione,
                <lb/>
              ma egli è nulladimeno il primo che preluda ai progressi dell'ottica
                <lb/>
              neutoniana. </s>
              <s>I
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Photismi de Lumine et umbra,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ossia la Calottrica, e
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              i
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Diaphanorum partes
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ossia la Diottrica furono due libri scritti dal­
                <lb/>
              l'Autore in sul finir della prima metà del secolo XVI, e nonostante
                <lb/>
              non videro la luce prima del 1611 in Napoli, quando i fisici si sen­
                <lb/>
              tivan vivamente frugati dal desiderio d'intendere in che modo quei </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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