Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="003/01/083.jpg" pagenum="66"/>
              will order the ſacred Ceremonies with religious
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              Minds, and frame Laws with Juſtice and
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              Equity, and themſelves ſet the Example of
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              Living orderly and happily. </s>
              <s>They will watch
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              continually for the Defence and Enlargement
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              of the Authority and Dignity of their Fellow­
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              Citizens. </s>
              <s>And when they have determined
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              upon any Thing convement, uſeful, or neceſ­
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              ſary; being perhaps themſelves worn out
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              with Years, and fitter for Contemplation than
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              Action, they will commit the Execution of it
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              to ſuch as they know to be well experienced,
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              and brisk and courageous to bring the Matter
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              to effect, to whom they will give an Oppor­
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              tunity of deſerving well of their Country, by
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              the Proſecution of their Deſign. </s>
              <s>Then theſe
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              others, having taken the Buſineſs upon them­
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              ſelves, will faithfully perform their Parts at
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              home with Study and Application, and abroad
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              with Diligence and Labour, giving Judgment,
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              leading Armies, and exerciſing their own In­
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              duſtry, and that of thoſe who are under them.
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              </s>
              <s>And laſtly, as it is in vain to think of effecting
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              any Thing without Means, the next in Place
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              to thoſe already mentioned are ſuch as ſupply
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              theſe with their Wealth, either by Husbandry
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              or Merchandize. </s>
              <s>All the other Orders of
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              Men ought in Reaſon to obey and be ſub­
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              ſervient to theſe as chief. </s>
              <s>Now if any Thing
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              is to be gather'd from all this to our Purpoſe,
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              it is certainly that of the different Kinds of
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              Building, one Sort belongs to the Publick,
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              another to the principal Citizens, and another
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              to the Commonality.</s>
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              <s>AND again, among the principal Sort, one
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              is proper for thoſe who bear the Weight of
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              the publick Counſels and Deliberations, an­
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              other for thoſe who are employ'd in the Exe­
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              cution, and another for ſuch as apply them­
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              ſelves to the amaſſing of Wealth. </s>
              <s>Of all
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              which one Part, as we obſerved before, having
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              Relation to Neceſſity, and another to Con­
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              venience; it will be no Preſumption in us
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              who are treating of Buildings to allow another
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              Part to Plcaſure, while inſtead of claiming
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              any Merit upon this Account to ourſelves, we
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              confeſs that the Principles of this Diviſion are
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              to be drawn from the firſt Rudiments of the
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              Philoſophers.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>OF this, therefore, we are now to treat,
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              what belongs to a publick Building, what
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              to thoſe of the principal Citizens, and what
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              to thoſe of the common Sort. </s>
              <s>But where ſhall
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              we begin ſuch great Matters? </s>
              <s>Shall we follow
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              the gradual Courſe of Mankind in their pro­
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              curing of all theſe, and ſo beginning with the
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              mean Huts of poor People, go on by degrees
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              to thoſe vaſt Structures which we ſee of Thea­
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              tres, Baths, and Temples. </s>
              <s>It is certain it was
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              a great while before Mankind encloſed their
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              Cities with Walls. </s>
              <s>Hiſtorians tell us that
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              when
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              Bacchus
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              made his Progreſs thro'
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              India,
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              he did not meet with one walled Town; and
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Thucydides
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              writes, that formerly there were
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              none in
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              Greece
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              itſelf: And in
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              Burgundy,
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              a
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              Province of
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              Gaul,
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              even in
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              Cæſar
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              's Time, there
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              were no Towns encompaſs'd with Walls, but
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              the People dwelt up and down in Villages.
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              </s>
              <s>The firſt City I find any Mention of is
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              Biblus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
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              belonging to the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Phænicians,
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              which
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              Saturn
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                <lb/>
              girt in with a Wall drawn round all their
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              Houſes: Whatever
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              Pomponius Mela
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              may ſay
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              of
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              Joppa
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              built even before the Flood.
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              Hero­
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              dotus
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              informs us, that while the
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              Æthiopians
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
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              had Poſſeſſion of
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              Ægypt,
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              they never puniſh'd
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              any Criminal with Death, but obliged him to
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              raiſe the Earth all round the Village he lived
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              in; and this, they ſay, was the firſt Beginning
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              of Cities in
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              Ægypt.
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              </s>
              <s> But we ſhall ſpeak of
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              them in another Place. </s>
              <s>And though it muſt
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              be confeſs'd that all humane Inventions take
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              their Riſe from very ſmall Beginnings, yet I
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              intend here to begin with the Works of the
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              greateſt Perfection.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. II.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Of the Region, Place, and Conveniencies and Inconveniencies of a Situation
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              for a City, according to the Opinion of the Ancients, and that of the
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              Author.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>All the Citizens are concerned in every
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              Thing of a publick Nature that makes
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              Part of the City: And if we are convinced of
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              what the Philoſophers teach, that the Occaſion
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              and Reaſon of Building Cities is that the In­
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              habitants may dwell in them in Peace, and,
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              as far as poſſibly may be, free from all Incon­
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              veniencies and Moleſtations, then certainly it </s>
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