Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003491">
                <pb pagenum="435" xlink:href="016/01/084.jpg"/>
              ſunt, ſucci ſulphur, lapidis cryſtallus, terræ
                <lb/>
              Lemnia, metalli argentum. </s>
              <s id="s.003492">Compoſitorum
                <lb/>
              autem exempla ſuo loco referam, ne inuti­
                <lb/>
              liter repetere multa cogar. </s>
              <s id="s.003493">Simplicium au­
                <lb/>
              tem neceſſaria exempla fuere, quia non de
                <lb/>
              omnibus primò ſum tractaturus: nam quæ­
                <lb/>
              cunque ſolida manent, perfecta voco, vt
                <lb/>
              metalla & lapides, de quibus poſteriùs di­
                <lb/>
              cturus ſum molliora autem, imperfecta,
                <lb/>
              tum miſta, tum ſuccos, & terras appel­
                <lb/>
              lo, quæ metallica nuncupabo omnia, ad
                <lb/>
              differentiam lapidum & metallorum. </s>
              <s id="s.003494">De
                <lb/>
              metallicis igitur nunc primùm dicere aggre­
                <lb/>
              diar, à terrarum generibus initium ducens.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg430"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003495">
                <margin.target id="marg429"/>
              Compoſita
                <lb/>
              corpora 11.
                <lb/>
              ſunt gene­
                <lb/>
              rum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003496">
                <margin.target id="marg430"/>
              De terrarum
                <lb/>
              diſcrimini­
                <lb/>
              bus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003497">Terrarum itaque genera ſunt, vel colo­
                <lb/>
              ribus vel odore, vel vſu diſtantia. </s>
              <s id="s.003498">De his
                <lb/>
              quæ vſu diſtinguuntur generaliter ſuperius
                <lb/>
              dixemus. </s>
              <s id="s.003499">De aliis autem quæ colore diſtin­
                <lb/>
              guuntur, etiam abſoluta eſt diſputatio: ſu­
                <lb/>
              pereſt vt de vſu quarundam dicamus, tum
                <lb/>
              etiam de odore. </s>
              <s id="s.003500">Odoratæ terræ ſunt, quæ
                <arrow.to.target n="marg431"/>
                <lb/>
              malè olent frequentes. </s>
              <s id="s.003501">Sunt enim omnes quæ
                <lb/>
              olent, metallicis partibus commiſtæ. </s>
              <s id="s.003502">Refert
                <lb/>
              tamen Agricola, Mariæbergi in Saxonia,
                <lb/>
              dum ex argentaria fodina diuorum Sebaſtia­
                <lb/>
              ni & Fabiani, coram Henrico Saxonum
                <lb/>
              Principe erueretur argentum, tam fragran­
                <lb/>
              tem odorem erupiſſe, vt Princeps exclama­
                <lb/>
              uerit, Calecutum adeſſe: eſt enim ea vrbis
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg432"/>
                <lb/>
              Indiæ, quæ odorata omnia mittit. </s>
              <s id="s.003503">In Mala­
                <lb/>
              cha quoque orientalis Indiæ portu vaſa fiunt
                <lb/>
              è terra odorata valde, quæ tamen viliſſimo
                <lb/>
              venduntur pretio ob copiam. </s>
              <s id="s.003504">Aut forſan
                <lb/>
              etiam, quia magni omnes odores quantum­
                <lb/>
              cunque boni, rerum tamen quæ eſui aptæ
                <lb/>
              non ſint, cibos reddunt inſuaues, ac quaſi
                <lb/>
              examinant. </s>
              <s id="s.003505">Cibi enim iucundi ſunt proprio
                <lb/>
              odore & moderato: hic ab externo tractus
                <lb/>
              ac euictus exhalat: quò fit vt rem relinquat
                <lb/>
              inſipidam & inſuauem. </s>
              <s id="s.003506">Experiri licet hoc
                <lb/>
              torta in cupreſſi vaſe recondita, vel ſi thus
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg433"/>
                <lb/>
              addatur. </s>
              <s id="s.003507">Alia verò gratiam addunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003508">At mali
                <lb/>
              odoris frequentiora ſunt exempla, adeóque
                <lb/>
              odores hi praui ſunt, vt etiam ſæuiant. </s>
              <s id="s.003509">An­
                <lb/>
              næbergi enim in fodina argentea, cui nomen
                <lb/>
              erat Corona roſacea, vt idem refert, duode­
                <lb/>
              cim homines repentè ſunt ſuffocati: vnde
                <lb/>
              relicta eſt magno metu, ne dæmones mali
                <lb/>
              illam inhabitarent: hoc enim illis perſua­
                <lb/>
              ſum, cum ex odore terrarum, aut lapidum
                <lb/>
              hoc contingat: nam receptus in cerebro pro­
                <lb/>
              tinus examinat: mirandum, ſubeſſe plera­
                <lb/>
              que fœda in terræ viſceribus, velut & ani­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg434"/>
                <lb/>
              malium ſtercora. </s>
              <s id="s.003510">Sed non ſolùm fœda, verum
                <lb/>
              & cuiuſcunque generis ſunt materiæ ſub illa
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg435"/>
                <lb/>
              varij vſus. </s>
              <s id="s.003511">Vt olim in Britannia ex puteis ter­
                <lb/>
              ra candida effodiebatur, non minus centum
                <lb/>
              paſſibus profundis, ex aqua poſtquam argen­
                <lb/>
              tum detraxiſſes, inſperſi agri adeò fœcundi
                <lb/>
              reddebantur, vt ſemel in vita inſperſiſſe ſuffi­
                <lb/>
              ceret. </s>
              <s id="s.003512">Itaque omnis terra quæ latet, velut &
                <lb/>
              hominum viſcera, alicui vſus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.003513">Sed nos ha­
                <lb/>
              rum rerum inquiſitionem, partim ob igno­
                <lb/>
              rantiam, partim ob auaritiam negligere ſole­
                <lb/>
              mus. </s>
              <s id="s.003514">Sunt vbique, dico etiam in vrbibus, ne­
                <lb/>
              dum agris, lapides in terra varij, varijque
                <lb/>
              vſus terrarum genera, tum varij coloris me­
                <lb/>
              tallica pleráque: ſed non in
                <expan abbr="mõtibus">montibus</expan>
              tantùm
                <lb/>
              quærimus. </s>
              <s id="s.003515">Indicio autem eſt ſic eſſe, cum quę
                <lb/>
              olim terræ infœcundæ haberentur, vt Ger­
                <lb/>
              mania, argenti nunc ſit feraciſſima: aliæ de­
                <lb/>
              ſierunt poſtquam feraces fuerant. </s>
              <s id="s.003516">Cauſa eſt,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg436"/>
                <lb/>
              quod cum vbique metalla, & lapides, & ſucci
                <lb/>
              ſint, temporum ſucceſſu terra euaneſcente
                <lb/>
              deteguntur, alia creſcente occultantur, vt re­
                <lb/>
              ctè videatur dixiſſe Anaxagoras, quaſi in om­
                <lb/>
              nibus eſſe omnia, verùm in montibus præter
                <lb/>
              copiam, hoc eſt, vtilitatis, quæ aquæ ad hu­
                <lb/>
              miliora loca, ſi quæ occurrant, facilè deriuan­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.003517">In agris autem aquam quæ ſub terra ma­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg437"/>
                <lb/>
              nat, cùm exigua ſit, exhauriendo ſiccabimus
                <lb/>
              prius, inde muro aut ſaxis loca, ex quibus ma­
                <lb/>
              nat, impediemus atque obſtruemus. </s>
              <s id="s.003518">Siçque
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg438"/>
                <lb/>
              cuniculos ad euertenda oppida etiam ſub
                <lb/>
              aqua effodiunt, & foſſas ipſas fodiendo ſub
                <lb/>
              ipſis ſuperant. </s>
              <s id="s.003519">Alio modo per circuitus dedu­
                <lb/>
              cta aqua, vt etiam apud Herodotum Cyrus
                <lb/>
              docetur à Crœſo flumina exinanimus, rurſus
                <lb/>
              tamen in priorem alueum inferius deducen­
                <lb/>
              tes: eodem modo etiam ſub terra fluentes ri­
                <lb/>
              uulos aliò auertere licebit, in eoſdem rurſus
                <lb/>
              deducentes, vt ſic effodere infra aquam poſ­
                <lb/>
              ſimus. </s>
              <s id="s.003520">Sunt & loca humiliora, in quæ tradu­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg439"/>
                <lb/>
              cimus
                <expan abbr="quandoq;">quandoque</expan>
              illam, non amplius reducen­
                <lb/>
              tes: quo præſidio in montibus maximè vti
                <lb/>
              conceditur, ob loci altitudinem. </s>
              <s id="s.003521">Nam aqua
                <lb/>
              quæ paſſim ſub terra inuenitur, neque
                <expan abbr="admo-dũ">admo­
                  <lb/>
                dum</expan>
              profunda, nec æqualis, nec continua exi­
                <lb/>
              ſtit. </s>
              <s id="s.003522">Quòd profunda non ſit, oſtendunt muro­
                <lb/>
              rum fundamenta & ædium, quæ plerunque
                <lb/>
              ad terram quæ ſub aqua eſt, pertingunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003523">Quòd
                <lb/>
              non æqualis ſit altitudinis, diuerſitas profun­
                <lb/>
              ditatis puteorum declarat. </s>
              <s id="s.003524">Quòd non conti­
                <lb/>
              nua, ſed
                <expan abbr="frequẽtibus">frequentibus</expan>
              riuulis deriuetur, facilè
                <lb/>
              eſt intelligere, cùm duorum puteorum aquæ
                <lb/>
              vix ſenis paſſibus diſtantium admodum ſa­
                <lb/>
              pore, & ſalubritate diſſideant. </s>
              <s id="s.003525">Deducuntur
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg440"/>
                <lb/>
              autem riuuli non recto tramite, ſed & ple­
                <lb/>
              runque tortuoſi, vel ob alterius aquæ occur­
                <lb/>
              ſum, vel ob lapides media in via conſtitutos,
                <lb/>
              vel quia cauitatem quandam in quam com­
                <lb/>
              modius confluant aquæ inuenerunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003526">Ergo ſi
                <lb/>
              ſub ea fodere libeat, liceat (vt dixi) tribus mo­
                <lb/>
              dis, tetráſque diuerſi generis, lapides, metal­
                <lb/>
              la, ſuccos, ac reliqua huiuſmodi inuenire. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003527">
                <margin.target id="marg431"/>
              Terra bene
                <lb/>
              olens.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003528">
                <margin.target id="marg432"/>
              Vaſa omnia
                <lb/>
              iucundi odo­
                <lb/>
              ris qui
                <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>
                <lb/>
              à cibo ſit
                <lb/>
              alienus, cibos
                <lb/>
              reddunt in­
                <lb/>
              ſuaues.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003529">
                <margin.target id="marg433"/>
              Terra malè
                <lb/>
              olens.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003530">
                <margin.target id="marg434"/>
              Quid ſub
                <lb/>
              terra.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003531">
                <margin.target id="marg435"/>
              Terra Bri­
                <lb/>
              tannica.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003532">
                <margin.target id="marg436"/>
              Dies multa
                <lb/>
              detegit, alia
                <lb/>
              occultat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003533">
                <margin.target id="marg437"/>
              De aqua
                <lb/>
              ſub terra.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003534">
                <margin.target id="marg438"/>
              Cuniculi ſub
                <lb/>
              aqua.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003535">
                <margin.target id="marg439"/>
              De aqua
                <lb/>
              quæ ſub ter­
                <lb/>
              ra paſſim,
                <lb/>
              inuenitur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003536">
                <margin.target id="marg440"/>
              Cur riuuli
                <lb/>
              aquarum
                <lb/>
              obliqui.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003537">Sed ad terrarum rurſus vſum deuenio. </s>
              <s id="s.003538">In
                <lb/>
              Valdeburgia Germaniæ, argillæ genus eſt
                <lb/>
              denſum ac pingue, tenuiſſimæque ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tiæ, quod nec ignibus læditur, nec liquo­
                <lb/>
              res ſorbet, nec exudat. </s>
              <s id="s.003539">Videntur enim fi­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg441"/>
                <lb/>
              gulinorum vaſorum eſſe hæ quinque laudes,
                <lb/>
              vt ſint leuiſſima, vt non ſorbeant, vt non
                <lb/>
              exudent, vt non facilè frangantur, vt ignibus
                <lb/>
              reſiſtant. </s>
              <s id="s.003540">Mirum quàm parua diuerſitate,
                <lb/>
              quòd vaſa ſua ignibus non frangantur, Flo­
                <lb/>
              rentini in condiendis cibis commodi aſſe­
                <lb/>
              quantur: Mediolanenſes non: fiunt tamen
                <lb/>
              vbique, ſi quis rationem ſciat conficiendi
                <lb/>
              optima, ſcilicet è terra illa quæ ad figulina
                <lb/>
              vaſa pro liquandis metallis conficienda in
                <lb/>
              vſu eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.003541">Terra autem illa è lapide metallicam
                <lb/>
              partem continente fit. </s>
              <s id="s.003542">Quis enim dubitet,
                <lb/>
              vaſa quæ ſuſtinent auri & argenti liquati
                <lb/>
              vim,
                <expan abbr="coquẽdis">coquendis</expan>
              cibis non ſufficere? </s>
              <s id="s.003543">Itaque mi­
                <lb/>
              hi ex tali terra lebetem pro vſu paraui, æter­
                <lb/>
              nam propè rem, niſi concutiatur: nam ab ig­
                <lb/>
              ne nihil patitur. </s>
              <s id="s.003544">Manifeſtum eſt igitur, quòd
                <lb/>
              tenuem oportet eſſe argillam, imò tenuiſ­
                <lb/>
              ſimam, & natura leuem ac pinguem. </s>
              <s id="s.003545">Hoc
                <lb/>
              genus ſi bene ſubigatur, ac diu, vaſa efficit </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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