Buonamici, Francesco, De motu libri X

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          <chap>
            <pb pagenum="66"/>
            <p type="head">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Quo cauſſarum genere, & quatenus vtatur Philoſophus naturalis. </s>
              <s>Cap. </s>
              <s>XIIII
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              .
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg608"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg608"/>
              E</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>METHODVS naturalis ad contemplationem dirigitur, & numeratur in ſcientiis. </s>
              <s>Scire
                <lb/>
              autem eſt noſce quid, & quale ſit genus ſubiectum per proprias cauſſas, principia & ele­
                <lb/>
              menta quæ ſcilicet in ſubiecto, per ſe & quatenus ipſum inſint, quod cùm certum genus
                <expan abbr="præfini-tumq́ue">præfini­
                  <lb/>
                tumque</expan>
              ſit, accerta ratione informatum, certas quoque proprietates
                <expan abbr="certasq́">certasque</expan>
              . </s>
              <s>cauſſas admittit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Porrò cauſſarum genera multa ſunt,
                <expan abbr="multæq́">multæque</expan>
              . </s>
              <s>eiuſdem generis cauſſæ
                <expan abbr="quarũ">quarum</expan>
              varietate contingit,
                <lb/>
              vt variis modis afficiantur ad ſcientias: neque omnes pariter, aut omnia cauſſarum genera per­
                <lb/>
              quirant, aut eiuſdem generis omnibus vtantur. </s>
              <s>Itaque ad conſtituenda phyſiologiæ fundamen­
                <lb/>
              ta de hac re nobis item in hac methodo tractandum eſt. </s>
              <s>Quia verò ab eiuſdem generis ſubiecti
                <lb/>
              principiis cùm demonſtratio, tùm definitio ducuntur, ad omnem quoque notitiam quouis inſtru­
                <lb/>
              mento comparetur, inſtituta quæſtio pertinebit, & principia non cognitionis, vt aliquibus place­
                <lb/>
              re video; ſed rei ipſius attinget quæ idem valent àc cauſſæ quarum quatuor ſpecies ſunt omni­
                <lb/>
              bus conſpicuæ, ex quo vt materia, per quod vt forma, à quo vt efficiens, cuius gratia vt finis, ta­
                <lb/>
              metſi veteres, cùm materiam ſolam, vt cauſſam agnoſcerent, aut ſi prætereà cauſſam mouentem
                <lb/>
              obſeruarent, velut Empedocles & Anaxagoras; quia tamen vel eam non vſurparent in reddenda
                <arrow.to.target n="marg609"/>
                <lb/>
              ratione problematum naturalium, niſi fortè cur ita fieret à materia non ſuppeteret,
                <emph type="sup"/>
              a
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              vel vt fieri
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg610"/>
                <lb/>
              ſolet in iis quæ ſunt ad vnum, vt res à notiore nuncupetur; quia materia quam elementum pro­
                <lb/>
              priè vocant, notior eſſet, eodem quoque nomine reliquas cauſſas ſignificari voluerint. </s>
              <s>Itaque
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
                <lb/>
              diſcordia illa Empedoclea quam ſine controuerſia cauſſam efficientem ponimus ab Ariſtotele
                <lb/>
              ipſo elementi nomine vocata eſt; de elemento, quòd primo ſignificat materiam, non principio,
                <lb/>
              aut cauſſa mentionem facerent. </s>
              <s>Quicquid igitur ſit & quomodocunque vocetur, ſeu
                <expan abbr="principiũ">principium</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              ſiue cauſſa, ſiue elementum, cùm ſcientia quæque ex notitia principiorum, ſeu cauſſarum, ſiue ele­
                <lb/>
              mentorum oriatur; à nobis diſſerendum eſt, an omnia cauſſarum genera phyſicus aſſumat, &
                <lb/>
              omnes cauſſas ex omni genere accipiat à prima vſque ad vltimam. </s>
              <s>Neque enim ſolùm cauſſæ
                <lb/>
              genere diſcrepant, ſed in eodem genere aliqua propinquior eſt, alia remotior, vt animalis mate­
                <lb/>
              ria proxima ſunt partes difformes, remotior vniformes, remotiſsima quatuor elementa, & ratio
                <lb/>
              forma hominis proxima, remotior anima: per omnes verò reſpondere liceat interrogatis cur &
                <lb/>
              quid aliquid ſit, vt ſigillatim vnaquæque cauſſa docet, cur & quid ſit: ita dubitari poteſt, an ad
                <lb/>
              abſolutam rei cuiuſque ſcientiam omnes ſimul aſſumere oporteat, ſiue genere, ſiue etiam ordine
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg611"/>
                <lb/>
              diſtinguantur. </s>
              <s>Et omnes ſimul accipiendas eſſe monet Ariſtoteles, dum inuehitur in
                <expan abbr="Anaxagorã">Anaxagoram</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              & Democritum, qui principia rerum naturalium infinita poſuerunt; quòd ex omnibus cauſsis
                <lb/>
              ſcientia conſtat, ex quibus res ſcienda conſtituta eſt, quæ ſi infinitæ forent, nullo modo concipi
                <lb/>
              poſſent. </s>
              <s>Si igitur non ex omnibus cauſsis ex quibus res ſcienda conflatur, ſcientia fieret; etiam ſi
                <lb/>
              principia forent infinita, contingeret vt haberemus ſcientiam; nanque aliqua ſolùm ex infinitis
                <lb/>
              ſufficerent ex quibus efficeretur ſcientia. </s>
              <s>Prætereà docuit Ariſtoteles ab exemplo finis à prima
                <lb/>
              vſque ad ſupremam cauſſam eſſe procedendum; eſt verò illa ſuprema qua allata nihil amplius
                <lb/>
              inquiritur, vt cur indutus eſt pallio? </s>
              <s>vt prodeat in forum. </s>
              <s>cur hoc? </s>
              <s>vt offendat amicum. </s>
              <s>cur item
                <lb/>
              iſtud? </s>
              <s>vt ſoluat debitum. </s>
              <s>Contrà verò neque omnia quæ ſciri poſſunt, omnia cauſſarum genera
                <lb/>
              flagitant: neque item omnes à prima vſque ad vltimam accipi queunt. </s>
              <s>etenim ſi ex eodem gene­
                <lb/>
              re omnes aſſumendæ ſint, in infinitum progredi cogemur, quod plurimum abhorret à ſcientia:
                <lb/>
              ſiquidem vt ſit Franciſcus infinita præcedant indiuidua quæ niſi extitiſſent, neque hoc exiſtere
                <lb/>
              poſſet. </s>
              <s>Et cùm res quæ ſub ſcientiam cadunt, ſint æternæ, vel mortales, & ex his quædam ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tiæ, nonnullæ accidentia: planum ſit æterna carere efficiente naturali, quia non eſt ibi principium
                <lb/>
              motus quo definitur efficiens: accidentia verò forma: quandò nulla eſt qualitatis qualitas,
                <emph type="sup"/>
              b
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              &
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg612"/>
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg613"/>
                <lb/>
              ex accidentibus complura fine vacare, quippe quæ ex materiæ neceſsitate ſuboriantur. </s>
              <s>
                <expan abbr="eaq́">eaque</expan>
              . </s>
              <s>
                <expan abbr="libẽ-ter">liben­
                  <lb/>
                ter</expan>
              , ſi poſſet, natura reſpueret; ex hoc genere mors eſt in brutis, & ærugo in ære; ſed tantum bo­
                <lb/>
              num non ſine iſto paruo malo habendum eſt. </s>
              <s>Itaque cùm varia rerum genera ſint, nec omnia
                <lb/>
              cauſſas omnes admittant,
                <expan abbr="ſuarumq́">ſuarumque</expan>
              . </s>
              <s>rerum ex propriis ipſarum principiis ſingulæ ſcientiæ ſint
                <lb/>
              ſpectatrices; profectò neque omnes ſcientiæ per omnes cauſſas vnamquanque rem edocebunt,
                <lb/>
              neque poterunt, etiam ſi contendant:
                <expan abbr="multoq́ue">multoque</expan>
              minus id præſtabunt ſingulæ demonſtrationes,
                <lb/>
              aut definitiones. </s>
              <s>Verumenimuerò cùm id in non omnes cauſſas accipientibus, nullam habeat
                <expan abbr="cõ-trouerſiam">con­
                  <lb/>
                trouerſiam</expan>
              , neque in ſcientiis illis quæ non omnes cauſſas obſeruant, quales mathematicas eſſe
                <lb/>
              poſuimus in quibus nulla neque efficientis, neque boni ratio ſolet haberi. </s>
              <s>At ſtatuatur aliquid
                <lb/>
              omnes cauſſas habens ex omni ſcilicet genere ab imis vſque ad ſummas, an'ne demonſtrationes
                <lb/>
              eiuſmodi conſtrui poterunt quę omnes illas cauſſas complectantur, & erit'ne aliqua ſcientia quę
                <lb/>
              tale demonſtrationum genus vſurpare queat? </s>
              <s>Hìc dici conſueuit. </s>
              <s>Scire ſimpliciter accipi tribus
                <lb/>
              modis. </s>
              <s>etenim dicitur vbi quæque res per omnem rationem noteſcit, & ſub omni notione expli­
                <lb/>
              catur, qua concipi poteſt, vt homo quà ens, quà ſubſtantia naturalis, quà magnitudine preditus, </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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