Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003759">
                <pb pagenum="440" xlink:href="016/01/089.jpg"/>
              ſtellarum. </s>
              <s id="s.003760">Nam ſeu calor ſit anima, ſeu il­
                <lb/>
              lius primum inſtrumentum, vbi calor hic
                <lb/>
              erit palàm eſt oportere adeſſe etiam ipſam
                <lb/>
              animam, quare & vitam: eſt enim vita nihil
                <lb/>
              aliud, quàm opus animæ. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003761">
                <margin.target id="marg470"/>
              2. degener
                <lb/>
              animalis
                <lb/>
              cap.3.
                <lb/>
              Vita quid ſit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003762">Plumbum
                <lb/>
              dum in ce­
                <lb/>
              ruſſam ver­
                <lb/>
              titur, auge­
                <lb/>
              tur pondere.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003763">Clarius idem fit experimento: nam plum­
                <lb/>
              bum cùm in ceruſſam vertitur, ac vritur, ter­
                <lb/>
              tiadecima parte ſui ponderis augetur. </s>
              <s id="s.003764">Hoc
                <lb/>
              fit, quia calor ille cœleſtis euaneſcit: nam
                <lb/>
              certum eſt adiici nihil, & tamen creſcit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003765">Cùm igitur par ratio
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
              in animalibus vi­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg471"/>
                <lb/>
              deatur, quæ grauiora morte fiunt, quoniam
                <lb/>
              exhalante anima ſecum calor etiam, ac quic­
                <lb/>
              quid ab illo eſt laboratum, euaneſcit, ma­
                <lb/>
              nifeſtum eſt corpora metallica, & lapides
                <lb/>
              ipſos etiam viuere. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003766">
                <margin.target id="marg471"/>
              Corpora
                <lb/>
              mortuorum
                <lb/>
              cur viuen­
                <lb/>
              tium corpo­
                <lb/>
              ribus gra­
                <lb/>
              uiora.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003767">Ad dices: Quomodo ablata leuiore par­
                <lb/>
              te, ſcilicet calore, ab animalibus, au metalli­
                <lb/>
              cis, quòd relinquitur, grauius fit? </s>
              <s id="s.003768">Palàm eſt
                <lb/>
              hoc contingere, velut in ouis, vitreis, quæ
                <lb/>
              ſupernatant aquæ: imò chalybeis & plum­
                <lb/>
              beis, aëre illa ſuſtinente, qui intus contine­
                <lb/>
              tur, fracta autem hæc protinus deſcendunt:
                <lb/>
              at non in nobis aër, ſed quemadmodum in
                <lb/>
              aqua aër in illis, ita in animalibus & me­
                <lb/>
              tallis in aëre pars ignea
                <expan abbr="põdus">pondus</expan>
              detrahit. </s>
              <s id="s.003769">
                <expan abbr="Sũt">Sunt</expan>
                <lb/>
              etenim ſubſtantiæ elementorum aliquæ ( vt
                <lb/>
              dixi ) in miſtis, ſed fractæ: & qualitates alio­
                <lb/>
              rum, vt in lacte ſubſtantia quidem aquea,
                <lb/>
              aër autem ac terra, & æthereum, ſeu igneum
                <lb/>
              elementum à calore concoctum ſecundum
                <lb/>
              qualitatem. </s>
              <s id="s.003770">Duobus enim modis elementa
                <lb/>
              in miſtis ſunt: vno quidem, vt à generatio­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg472"/>
                <lb/>
              ne, atque ita ſola terra & aqua: verùm vnius
                <lb/>
              eorum ſecundum ſubſtantiam, alterius ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia non apparet: vt autem cœleſtis ca­
                <lb/>
              lor in illa egit, plura tam ſubſtantia, quàm
                <lb/>
              natura eſſe videntur. </s>
              <s id="s.003771">Eò fit vt denſa quæ­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg473"/>
                <lb/>
              dam leuia, & rara quædam grauia eſſe poſ­
                <lb/>
              ſent: nam cùm parua quantitas terræ ca­
                <lb/>
              leſcit, vt in aëris ſubſtantiam tranſmutetur,
                <lb/>
              nec tamen aër ingreditur, leue id eſt & den­
                <lb/>
              ſum, vt pingue omne, & lignum aloës: at
                <lb/>
              contrà ſi terra parum elaboretur, magna au­
                <lb/>
              tem fit aëris pars intus, ac vbique conſpi­
                <lb/>
              cua, minutiſſimis tamen partibus, rarum di­
                <lb/>
              cetur, & tamen graue non parum erit. </s>
              <s id="s.003772">Gra­
                <lb/>
              ue autem denſum, & rarum lene, facilè in­
                <lb/>
              telligimus. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003773">
                <margin.target id="marg472"/>
              Elementa
                <lb/>
              quomodo in
                <lb/>
              miſto duobus
                <lb/>
              modis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003774">
                <margin.target id="marg473"/>
              Cur quædam
                <lb/>
              denſa leuia,
                <lb/>
              & rara gra­
                <lb/>
              uia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003775">Ex hoc patet ſolutio non leuis quæſtio­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg474"/>
                <lb/>
              nis, cur plumbum grauius ſit terra: nam in
                <lb/>
              plumbo nulla fermè eſt raritas, terra autem
                <lb/>
              cùm non cohæreat, admittit aërem, & ob id
                <lb/>
              plumbo videtur leuior, quòd aquam habet
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg475"/>
                <lb/>
              aëris loco. </s>
              <s id="s.003776">Terra etiam hæc ( vt dixi) non
                <lb/>
              pura eſt terra, ſed habet metallicam ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantiam admiſtam. </s>
              <s id="s.003777">Eò fit quod etiam de
                <lb/>
              cineribus teſtantur, vt vas illis plenum tan­
                <lb/>
              tundem hauriat aquæ, cinere, non eiecto: pa­
                <lb/>
              làm enim quòd aëris non paruam partem
                <lb/>
              adeſſe oportet, inde partis tenuioris etiam
                <lb/>
              cineris fit exhalatio: reliquum verò cineris
                <lb/>
              concreſcit ac cogitur, & aquæ pars calore
                <lb/>
              reſoluitur. </s>
              <s id="s.003778">Cùm enim aër aquâ calidior ſit,
                <lb/>
              quoniam ob raritatem plus excipit liminis,
                <lb/>
              ſicca, quæ aër continet liquidis calidiora
                <lb/>
              erunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003779">Ergo his miſtis tenuiorem humidi
                <lb/>
              partem in vaporem verti neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.003780">Vnde ſi
                <lb/>
              aqueum ſit humidum exhalat, ſi pingue in­
                <lb/>
              tumeſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.003781">Ob id ſæpe melli, vel ſaccharo mi­
                <lb/>
              ſta cogunt è pyxidibus effundi admirantibus
                <lb/>
              pharmacopolis: nam vapor exire nequit, &
                <lb/>
              humidum ipſum diſtendit. </s>
              <s id="s.003782">Itaque ob hæc
                <lb/>
              pulueribus miſta aqua minuitur, oleum au­
                <lb/>
              tem creſcere videtur. </s>
              <s id="s.003783">Itaque vt ad rem pro­
                <lb/>
              ſitam reuertar, metallica viuere etiam hoc
                <lb/>
              argumento deprehenditur, quòd in monti­
                <lb/>
              bus non ſecus ac plantæ naſcuntur, patulis
                <lb/>
              ſiquidem ramis, radicibus, truncis, ac veluti
                <lb/>
              floribus, ac fructibus, vt non aliud ſit me­
                <lb/>
              tallum, aut metallica ſubſtantia, quàm plan­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg476"/>
                <lb/>
              ta ſepulta, ac tota ſub terra naſcens: nec po­
                <lb/>
              terat ſuper terram creſcere, quia aut fria­
                <lb/>
              bilis erat, vt calchantum: vel nimis grauis,
                <lb/>
              vt plumbum. </s>
              <s id="s.003784">Ita & talpam inter animalia,
                <lb/>
              & vermes, & bufones ſub terra naſci cerni­
                <lb/>
              mus. </s>
              <s id="s.003785">Sed non fuit commodum animalia ſub
                <lb/>
              terra gignere tot, quot plantas: quia vita
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg477"/>
                <lb/>
              & nutritio, quibus ſolis metalla indigent,
                <lb/>
              ſub terra fieri & perfici poſſunt, reſpiratio
                <lb/>
              verò qua perfecta animalia, difficulter ſatis;
                <lb/>
              ea de cauſa metallicorum genera etiam
                <lb/>
              longè plura quàm quis exiſtimet natura ſub
                <lb/>
              terra progenuit, vt auſim dicere ea nume­
                <lb/>
              rari haud poſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.003786">Nam ſi plus quàm quin­
                <lb/>
              gentis herbarum ſpeciebus natura orbem
                <lb/>
              exornat, animaliaque ſuper hæc induxit, ve­
                <lb/>
              riſimile eſt, ſub terra non paucioribus luſiſ­
                <lb/>
              ſe modis, imò longè pluribus, ſed multa la­
                <lb/>
              tent in imo
                <emph type="italics"/>
              :
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              alia autem ad proxima gene­
                <lb/>
              ra ſimilitudine colorum, aut ſubſtantiæ tra­
                <lb/>
              ducimus. </s>
              <s id="s.003787">Quædam rara ſunt, vt etiamſi ſupra
                <lb/>
              terram eſſent, vix inuenire liceret: velut &
                <lb/>
              noſtris temporibus ſtirpium non pauca
                <lb/>
              genera, quorum tamet Dioſcorides memi­
                <lb/>
              nit. </s>
              <s id="s.003788">Alia etiam contemni cœperunt poſt
                <lb/>
              quàm inuenta eſſent, ignoto illorum vſu: ita
                <lb/>
              fit vt ex maximo metallicorum numero pau­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg478"/>
                <lb/>
              ciſſima cognoſcamus. </s>
              <s id="s.003789">Eorum etiam quæ co­
                <lb/>
              gnoſcimus genera, pauciora ſunt, quàm exi­
                <lb/>
              ſtimemus, cùm alia aliorum ſint fructus, fo­
                <lb/>
              lia, exhalationes, radices, atque ea ſunt quæ
                <lb/>
              nunquam diſiunguntur: dicemus autem ea
                <lb/>
              quæ ſint, & quorum, locis ſuis, nunc propo­
                <lb/>
              ſitam quæſtionem proſequamur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003790">
                <margin.target id="marg474"/>
              An aliquod
                <lb/>
              miſtum ter­
                <lb/>
              ra grauius.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003791">
                <margin.target id="marg475"/>
              Quatuor
                <lb/>
              cauſæ quibus
                <lb/>
              fit, vt vas
                <lb/>
              cinere ple­
                <lb/>
              num tantun­
                <lb/>
              dem aquæ
                <lb/>
              excipiat
                <lb/>
              quantum
                <lb/>
              vacuum
                <lb/>
              poſſet conti­
                <lb/>
              nere.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003792">
                <margin.target id="marg476"/>
              Cur metal­
                <lb/>
              lica multa
                <lb/>
              ſub terra, &
                <lb/>
              pauca ani­
                <lb/>
              malia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003793">
                <margin.target id="marg477"/>
              Metallica
                <lb/>
              penè eſſe ſpe­
                <lb/>
              cie innume­
                <lb/>
              rabilia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003794">
                <margin.target id="marg478"/>
              Metallica
                <lb/>
              metallico­
                <lb/>
              rum eſſe fru­
                <lb/>
              ctus, folia,
                <lb/>
              radices, &
                <lb/>
              exhalatio­
                <lb/>
              nes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003795">Dixeramus metallica, ac metalla, tum la­
                <lb/>
              pides viuere. </s>
              <s id="s.003796">Quorum enim eſt maturitas,
                <lb/>
              & acerbitas, ac ſenium, eorum etiam eſt vi­
                <lb/>
              ta. </s>
              <s id="s.003797">Nam lapides quidam immaturi, & colore
                <lb/>
              diluto, & ſubſtantia haud concocta inue­
                <lb/>
              niuntur, pars quoque velut & in eiuſdem
                <lb/>
              arboris fructibus purior, alia impurior cerni­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.003798">Adſunt præterea venæ & inſtrumenta
                <lb/>
              nutritionis, & meatus non laxiores, ſed mol­
                <lb/>
              liores, vt in lapidibus cernere licet, quibus
                <lb/>
              facilè poſſumus perſuaderi, non aliter quàm
                <lb/>
              plantas & oſſa in animalibus nutriri: nam
                <lb/>
              ſi per acceſſum & additionem augerentur,
                <lb/>
              his haud quaquam indigerent. </s>
              <s id="s.003799">Lapides
                <lb/>
              enim qui calore ſolùm concreſcunt, quos
                <lb/>
              tophos nominamus, & qui ſolo frigore,
                <lb/>
              haud venas habent ſubſtantiamque ordi­
                <lb/>
              natam, velut in veris lapidibus, quique vi­
                <lb/>
              tam habent: nam tophi vita carent. </s>
              <s id="s.003800">Eſt
                <lb/>
              etiam mors in eis, quare & vita, Herculeus
                <lb/>
              enim lapis apud me ſæpius in paucis annis
                <lb/>
              extinctus eſt: cùm enim traheret ferrum
                <lb/>
              alacriter, poſtmodum temporis ſucceſſu
                <lb/>
              trahere deſiit. </s>
              <s id="s.003801">Quid enim aliud eſt vita,
                <lb/>
              quàm operatio animæ? </s>
              <s id="s.003802">Oſtenſum eſt au-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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