Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000141">
                <pb pagenum="360" xlink:href="016/01/009.jpg"/>
              rurſus peruenire videtur neceſſarium? </s>
              <s id="s.000142">Siue
                <lb/>
              enim trahatur caloris vi, ſeu ſpontè deſcen­
                <lb/>
              dat oleum, quantum ad vacui rationem at­
                <lb/>
              tinet, nihil intereſſe videtur. </s>
              <s id="s.000143">Attamen ex­
                <lb/>
              perimentum edocet, ardere quidem lucer­
                <lb/>
              nam, & ſic ſenſim vacuam reddi: ſpontè
                <lb/>
              autem oleum nequaquam deſcendere. </s>
              <s id="s.000144">Cau­
                <lb/>
              ſa igitur eſt, quòd ignis calefaciendo rariùs
                <lb/>
              ac tenuiùs efficit oleum: id rarius factum
                <lb/>
              intumeſcit, & per D, foramen exuberat,
                <lb/>
              leuiſſimáque eius pars interim aſcendit ad
                <lb/>
              ſummum lucernæ, vbi A, ſcripſimus: quæ
                <lb/>
              cum multo aëre referta ſit, locum aëre com­
                <lb/>
              plet, ac ſic ſenſim augetur, dum
                <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan>
              effundi­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.000145">Quamobrem & illud diligenter cauere
                <lb/>
              neceſſarium eſt, ne canalis D E F, iuſto bre­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg12"/>
                <lb/>
              uior ſit, aut ellychnium in F, maius: nam
                <lb/>
              vtroque modo oleum nimio calore celeriùs
                <lb/>
              intumeſcit, adeò vt effundatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000146">Hac ratione
                <lb/>
              excogitarunt Athenienſes lucernam ante
                <lb/>
              Mineruæ ſimulachrum, quæ toto anno ar­
                <lb/>
              deret. </s>
              <s id="s.000147">Nam A B C D, ſpatium auctum erat
                <lb/>
              iuxta multitudinem dierum anni: commo­
                <lb/>
              diùs forſan fuerit, ſi ſubere craticulæ ferreæ
                <lb/>
              ſuſtententur. </s>
              <s id="s.000148">Ideóque in vaſe maximo
                <lb/>
              oleum effuſum, perſeuerante flamma el­
                <lb/>
              lychnij ſufficiet in totum annum. </s>
              <s id="s.000149">Vt verò
                <lb/>
              perſeueret flamma, ellychnium comburi non
                <lb/>
              debet. </s>
              <s id="s.000150">Tale fit è ligno Carpaſio, hoc enim
                <lb/>
              non vritur: aut, vt inferiùs docebimus, è la­
                <lb/>
              pidum cruſtarum filis.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg13"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000151">
                <margin.target id="marg11"/>
              Lucerna mi­
                <lb/>
              rabilis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000152">
                <margin.target id="marg12"/>
              Lucerna toto
                <lb/>
              anno
                <expan abbr="ardẽs">ardens</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000153">
                <margin.target id="marg13"/>
              Vbique tria
                <lb/>
              ſunt, mate­
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              ria, forma
                <lb/>
              & anima.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000154">Materia igitur vbique eſt, illa verò ſine
                <lb/>
              forma eſſe non poteſt, quare & formam vbi­
                <lb/>
              que eſſe neceſſe eſt: ſed & animam quan­
                <lb/>
              dam, ſeu quòd vbique fiat generatio, ſeu
                <lb/>
              quod magis ad præſentem attinet tractatio­
                <lb/>
              nem, in quocunque corpore, cùm extra lo­
                <lb/>
              cum ſuum fuerit, motus principium eſſe vi­
                <lb/>
              deatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000155">At motus non ab anima, ſed à na­
                <lb/>
              tura eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000156">Mea nihil intereſt, modò ( quod ad
                <lb/>
              præſentem mihi ſolùm tractationem neceſ­
                <lb/>
              ſarium eſt ) fatearis principium eſſe quod­
                <lb/>
              dam motus: nam de anima, an omnis natu­
                <lb/>
              ra anima ſit poſteriùs conſiderandum. </s>
              <s id="s.000157">Nunc
                <lb/>
              ſatis ſit, cùm miſta omnia ſint corporea aut
                <lb/>
              ſimplicia, quædam ex his vt leuia ſursùm,
                <lb/>
              alia deorsùm ferri vt grauia: neque verò
                <lb/>
              impelluntur: nam violenter ad propria re­
                <lb/>
              mearent: nec trahuntur: locus enim acci­
                <lb/>
              dens eſt, & elementum ipſum non trahit
                <lb/>
              vbique: vt cùm aqua ſursùm fuerit. </s>
              <s id="s.000158">Inti­
                <lb/>
              mum igitur eſt, quo mouetur elementum,
                <lb/>
              aut ab elemento mixtum. </s>
              <s id="s.000159">Dico etenim mix­
                <lb/>
              tum, vt lapidem, à terra, quæ in ipſo eſt
                <lb/>
              deorsùm moueri, aut aqua. </s>
              <s id="s.000160">Siquidem mix­
                <lb/>
              ta & ipſa ab elemento, aut elementis, quæ
                <lb/>
              in ipſis dominantur, moueri ſolent. </s>
              <s id="s.000161">Cùm
                <lb/>
              verò corpora ipſa eiuſdem non fuerint ge­
                <lb/>
              neris, eodem in loco eſſe non poſſunt: nam
                <arrow.to.target n="marg14"/>
                <lb/>
              materia illa duas haberet ſimul formas. </s>
              <s id="s.000162">Plus
                <lb/>
              verò eſſe ac minùs de eodem corpore, oſten­
                <lb/>
              dunt oua vitrea, quæ cùm exuguntur, ex par­
                <lb/>
              uulo foramine aquam trahunt: nam aër ille
                <lb/>
              rarior factus ob attractionem denuò cogi­
                <lb/>
              tur, occupátque minorem locum quàm priùs,
                <lb/>
              atque ſic ne vacuum detur, aquam ad ſe
                <lb/>
              trahit. </s>
              <s id="s.000163">Igitur aër ipſe cogi poteſt, ac ſeip­
                <lb/>
              ſum ſubingredi, eadémque ratione rarior
                <lb/>
              euadere: vtque eſt terminus quidam in rari­
                <lb/>
              tate, qui vacui rationem habet atque ſic
                <lb/>
              mouet, ita denſitatis alius, quem ſi quis
                <lb/>
              præterire nitatur, motum excitat, qui vo­
                <lb/>
              catur impulſus. </s>
              <s id="s.000164">Fit igitur impulſus, vel cùm
                <lb/>
              corpus locum alterius ſubingreditur, vel cùm
                <lb/>
              idem corpus adeò craſſeſcit, vt tantam craſſi­
                <lb/>
              tiem ferre non queat: tunc enim locum alium
                <lb/>
              atque ampliorem quærens, motum impulſus
                <lb/>
              excitat: vtque à vacuo & raritate nimia attra­
                <lb/>
              ctio fit, ſic à denſitate maiore aut corporum
                <lb/>
              coïtione in vnum, impulſio, quæ attractioni
                <lb/>
              contraria eſt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000165">
                <margin.target id="marg14"/>
              Duo corpora
                <lb/>
              in eodem loco
                <lb/>
              eſſe non poſ­
                <lb/>
              ſunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000166">Igitur quòd corpora ſimilia coëant & ra­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg15"/>
                <lb/>
              reſcant, ab experimento acceptum eſt: ſed
                <lb/>
              ratio non adeò clara. </s>
              <s id="s.000167">Alexander putat ma­
                <lb/>
              teriam habere potentiam ad formas diuer­
                <lb/>
              ſas, quarum quantitates materiæ diuerſæ
                <lb/>
              ſunt: veluti ſi ex aqua fiat aër, quòd aër
                <lb/>
              minorem poſtulet materiam, materia illa
                <lb/>
              rareſcit, quod in igne dum è puluere fit, ma­
                <lb/>
              nifeſtè videmus. </s>
              <s id="s.000168">At condenſari & rareſce­
                <lb/>
              cere, eſt formam ex parte mutare. </s>
              <s id="s.000169">Cúm enim
                <lb/>
              aër cogitur, ad aquæ naturam tranſit. </s>
              <s id="s.000170">Vn­
                <lb/>
              de in cucurbitulis lintea madefacta cogunt
                <lb/>
              aërem, atque ideò magis trahunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000171">Igitur
                <lb/>
              quæ rareſcunt vel condenſantur, formam
                <lb/>
              partim mutant. </s>
              <s id="s.000172">At forma corporis, formam
                <lb/>
              elementi ſequitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000173">Repugnat igitur, duo
                <lb/>
              corpora ſimul eſſe, non ob materiam, quæ
                <lb/>
              potentia tantùm in loco eſt, & locum occu­
                <lb/>
              pat, & decernit ſibi quantitatem poteſtate
                <lb/>
              quidem ſola, non actu, ſed ob formarum di­
                <lb/>
              uerſitatem. </s>
              <s id="s.000174">Condenſari igitur corpus po­
                <lb/>
              teſt, quod ſimiles habet partes, non autem
                <lb/>
              corpora ſe penetrare poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000175">Porrò in con­
                <lb/>
              denſatione videtur difflari aliquid tenuius,
                <lb/>
              aut exprimi. </s>
              <s id="s.000176">Sed ſi ita eſt, videbitur quod
                <lb/>
              rareſcit, aut condenſat generari. </s>
              <s id="s.000177">Verùm ele­
                <lb/>
              mentorum mutatio adeò facilis eſt in con­
                <lb/>
              iuncta & ſimilia, vt non omninò vera
                <lb/>
              generatio videatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000178">Nam ex aqua in le­
                <lb/>
              bete aër fit ob ignis calorem: ignis au­
                <lb/>
              tem nihil generat. </s>
              <s id="s.000179">Non igitur eſt hæc ge­
                <lb/>
              neratio elementorum, ſed tranſmutatio quæ­
                <lb/>
              dam ad affinia. </s>
              <s id="s.000180">Dicemus autem de hoc in­
                <lb/>
              feriùs. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000181">
                <margin.target id="marg15"/>
              Corporum
                <lb/>
              vnitio quo­
                <lb/>
              modo fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000182">Ergo in vniuerſum tres erunt motus nà­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg16"/>
                <lb/>
              turales. </s>
              <s id="s.000183">Primus quidem ac validiſſimus à va­
                <lb/>
              cui fuga, ſed veriùs à forma elementi, cùm
                <lb/>
              maiorem raritatem non admittat, nec ma­
                <lb/>
              teriæ partes ſeparari vnquam queant. </s>
              <s id="s.000184">Cùm
                <lb/>
              igitur in follibus apertio maior fit, quàm
                <lb/>
              paucus ille aër ferre poſſit, primùm rarior
                <lb/>
              redditus, cùm materia prima ſeperationem
                <lb/>
              non admittat, aër ille non ſuſtinens maio­
                <lb/>
              rem raritatem, aut aliquid ad ſe trahit, aut
                <lb/>
              folles omninò diſrumpit. </s>
              <s id="s.000185">Non igitur à va­
                <lb/>
              cuo motus vllus, ſed à formis ipſis maximè
                <lb/>
              aëris, dum ampliùs diuelli nequit, nec ſe­
                <lb/>
              parari, fieri conſueuit. </s>
              <s id="s.000186">Eſſe autem hunc mo­
                <lb/>
              tum naturalem, oſtendit conſenſus in hoc
                <lb/>
              vniuerſi, & obedientia omnium corporum,
                <lb/>
              quæ relictis propriis motibus, vt huic ſa­
                <lb/>
              tisfaciant, aſcendunt ſpontè grauia, deſcen­
                <lb/>
              dúntque leuia. </s>
              <s id="s.000187">Secundus ( vt dixi ) è directo
                <lb/>
              huic contrarius, ſpecie quidem vt primus
                <lb/>
              à vacuo fit. </s>
              <s id="s.000188">Hic ne corpora ſe mutuò pene­
                <lb/>
              trent factus videtur, ſed veriùs oppoſitam
                <lb/>
              priori ob rationem, ne ſcilicet forma plus
                <lb/>
              iuſto, quàm debeat materiæ primæ conſe­
                <lb/>
              quatur, ſicut in priore ne iuſto minùs. </s>
              <s id="s.000189">Hunc </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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