Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004017">
                <pb pagenum="445" xlink:href="016/01/094.jpg"/>
              eſt amariſſimum, vt quod ſub arena arden­
                <lb/>
              tiſſima eruitur. </s>
              <s id="s.004018">Salſum enim cùm vlteriùs
                <lb/>
              decoquitur, Galeno teſte, amarum euadit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004019">Itaque Ammoniacum ſal, etiam arte confi­
                <lb/>
              ci poteſt: quamuis multi in hoc fruſtra labo­
                <lb/>
              rauerint, Sal gemma ſplendet cryſtalli in mo­
                <lb/>
              rem, acutius ſale factitio. </s>
              <s id="s.004020">Nam in omnibus
                <lb/>
              quæ arte fiunt, & elaborantur,
                <expan abbr="abſq;">abſque</expan>
              compoſi­
                <lb/>
              tione, natura ſimile efficit: vnde ſulphur quod
                <lb/>
              ſpontè naſcitur, carius longè reliquo, quàm
                <lb/>
              ſit vtilius: ita in calchanto & cæteris. </s>
              <s id="s.004021">Te­
                <lb/>
              nuiſſimum inter ſalis genera halinitrum eſt:
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg514"/>
                <lb/>
              hoc medium inter ſal eſt ac nitrum. </s>
              <s id="s.004022">Nitrum
                <lb/>
              inuenitur in arena Nili præcipuè. </s>
              <s id="s.004023">Albertus,
                <lb/>
              Magnus cognomento, narrat in Goſelaria
                <lb/>
              aquam collectam in imo montis, qui Cyprio
                <lb/>
              abundabat ære, dum cogeretur, in
                <expan abbr="nitrũ">nitrum</expan>
              ver­
                <lb/>
              ti. </s>
              <s id="s.004024">Huius candidior pars quædam ac laxa
                <expan abbr="pẽ-det">pen­
                  <lb/>
                det</expan>
              in ſpeluncis Stiriarum inſtar: quandoque
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg515"/>
                <lb/>
              etiam è ſolo reſudat:
                <expan abbr="vocatúrq;">vocatúrque</expan>
                <expan abbr="Aphronitrũ">Aphronitrum</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              quaſi nitri ſpuma. </s>
              <s id="s.004025">Vtrunque horum periiſſe
                <lb/>
              noſtra tempeſtate falsò creditum eſt, vnde
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg516"/>
                <lb/>
              turbata compoſitio Diaſpolitici. </s>
              <s id="s.004026">Amarius eſt
                <lb/>
              ſale nitrum, & minus ſalſum: in quorum me­
                <lb/>
              dio (vt dixi)
                <expan abbr="halinitrũ">halinitrum</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.004027">Tenuibus partibus ac
                <lb/>
              ſicciſſimis conſtat, quòd putredine quadam
                <lb/>
              coaleſcat: vnde in cęmentis vetuſtis exoritur,
                <lb/>
              & vbi excrementa iumentorum in terra
                <expan abbr="cõ-">con­
                  <lb/>
                </expan>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg517"/>
                <lb/>
              putruerunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004028">Mirum illud, quòd detracto ha­
                <lb/>
              linitro è terra, ſi illa in cumulum redigatur,
                <lb/>
              pòſt quinque, aut ſex annos copioſius fœnus
                <lb/>
              reddit. </s>
              <s id="s.004029">Nec omninò abſurdum dici debet, ſa­
                <lb/>
              lem ſerere. </s>
              <s id="s.004030">Nam (vt dixi
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ſeu cumuli terræ, è
                <lb/>
              quo detractum fuerit, ſub tuguriis ſeruentur,
                <lb/>
              ſeu halinitrum aqua diſſolutum in cumulos
                <lb/>
              terræ ſpargatur, non ſecùs ac ſato tritico, poſt
                <lb/>
              quinquennium copioſior fructus redditur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004031">Sunt enim vires omnibus rebus, vt potentia
                <lb/>
              tale aliquid reddant, qualia actu priùs
                <expan abbr="fuerãt">fuerant</expan>
              .
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004032">Quòd verò potentia eſt, ad actum etiam per­
                <lb/>
              uenit vi Solis: vnde vermes & muſcæ in lo­
                <lb/>
              cis, in quibus manent, id relinquunt, quo ad
                <lb/>
              aliorum ſimilium generationem, ac generis
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="multiplicationẽ">multiplicationem</expan>
              facultas ſuppeditatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004033">Exci­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg518"/>
                <lb/>
              pitur autem hoc modo: In ciſtas perforatas,
                <lb/>
              lenáſque bouino, equinouè fimo, aut quod
                <lb/>
              melius eſt,
                <expan abbr="colũbino">columbino</expan>
              ſtercore aqua ſuperfun­
                <lb/>
              ditur, quæ deinde excepto conſumitur ad ter­
                <lb/>
              tiam ſui partem, inde hæc tertia pars alteri
                <lb/>
              fimo ſuperfunditur
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              excoquitur, excepta
                <lb/>
              denuò:
                <expan abbr="demũ">demum</expan>
              relicta tertia pars ſub diuo po­
                <lb/>
              ſita, concreſcit in halinitrum. </s>
              <s id="s.004034">Quod verò elu­
                <lb/>
              tum eſt, denuò alia aqua repurgatur,
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              ea­
                <lb/>
              dem ratione, quod vtile eſt, excipitur. </s>
              <s id="s.004035">Quòd
                <lb/>
              ſi voluptatis cauſa, vt inferius docebimus,
                <lb/>
              halinitrum in aquam tranfierit, excocta per
                <lb/>
              horam fermè aqua excipitur cochleari:
                <lb/>
              cúmque primùm in pauimento gelaſcere
                <lb/>
              cœperit, ab igne amota, concreſcere ſi­
                <lb/>
              nitur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004036">
                <margin.target id="marg512"/>
              Sal continet
                <lb/>
              oleum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004037">
                <margin.target id="marg513"/>
              Genera ſalis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004038">
                <margin.target id="marg514"/>
              Nitrum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004039">
                <margin.target id="marg515"/>
                <expan abbr="Aphronitrũ">Aphronitrum</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004040">
                <margin.target id="marg516"/>
              Halinitrum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004041">
                <margin.target id="marg517"/>
              Halinitrum
                <lb/>
              generatio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004042">
                <margin.target id="marg518"/>
              Halinitrum
                <lb/>
              quomodo
                <lb/>
              colligatur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004043">
                <expan abbr="Itaq;">Itaque</expan>
              vt ad halinitri naturam redeam, in eo
                <lb/>
              tenuis pars eſt, tum in ſale aquæ & terræ im­
                <lb/>
              miſta, quæ dum ardet, cogit terreas partes
                <lb/>
              diſſipari: ideóque ſubſilit ſal & halinitrum in
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg519"/>
                <lb/>
              igne poſitum, & crepitat. </s>
              <s id="s.004044">Et cùm ſocero meo
                <lb/>
              igni aſſiſtenti, tegulæ peruertuſtæ fruſtum
                <lb/>
              igni impoſitum eſſet, repentè crepuit, & in
                <lb/>
              diuerſas partes magno impetu fragmenta
                <lb/>
              proſilierunt, nemine ex adſtantibus, quòd
                <lb/>
              mirum fuit, læſo. </s>
              <s id="s.004045">Cauſa huius fuit modica,
                <lb/>
              vt reor, halinitri pars (quòd tegula antiqua
                <lb/>
              eſſet) illi incluſa. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004046">
                <margin.target id="marg519"/>
              Cur ſal igne
                <lb/>
              crepitet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004047">Eadem ratione candelę è ſepo, aut cera ſali­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg520"/>
                <lb/>
              ta crepitant, verùm cæteris longè diutius du­
                <lb/>
              rant. </s>
              <s id="s.004048">Inter ſalis genera, ſalchali, ſeu alumen
                <lb/>
              catina reponi ſolet, vitri non ſolùm medica­
                <lb/>
              mentum, vt quòd ductile efficiat, ſed etiam
                <lb/>
              materia. </s>
              <s id="s.004049">Aduehitur ex Oriente: ſed Braſauo­
                <lb/>
              lus Ferrarienſis affirmat ex herba fieri poſſe
                <lb/>
              optimum, quæ iuxta Comum in ripa ſalſa­
                <lb/>
              rum aquarum exoritur. </s>
              <s id="s.004050">Quòd ſi, vt illi credi­
                <lb/>
              mus, vera eſt hiſtoria, propagata herba non
                <lb/>
              paruum compendium rei pecuniariæ fieret,
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="eſſétq;">eſſétque</expan>
              ars hæc admodum lucroſa. </s>
              <s id="s.004051">Illud ſatis
                <lb/>
              conſtat, hoc ſalis genus fieri ex Vſnen herba
                <lb/>
              arboreæ magnitudinis, ſaporis ſalſi, quàm
                <lb/>
              quidam exiſtimant eſſe Anthyllidis primum
                <lb/>
              genus. </s>
              <s id="s.004052">Salis ſubſtantia tenuior eſt materia
                <lb/>
              chalcanthi: cuius adeò ſunt variæ ſpecies, vt
                <lb/>
              illas explicare non leue ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.004053">
                <expan abbr="Chalcanthũ">Chalcanthum</expan>
              vul­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg521"/>
                <lb/>
              gus vitriolum vocat: denigrat adeò, vt ex ip­
                <lb/>
              ſo fiat atramentum quo ſcribimus. </s>
              <s id="s.004054">Puluis hic
                <lb/>
              cineri coloris eſt, poſtquam triueris, immiſ­
                <lb/>
              ſum vino, vel aquæ, illicò nigerrimam efficit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004055">Cauſa huius eſt quòd ſuccus eſt,
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              denſus
                <lb/>
              admodum, tum ex partibus conſtans tenui­
                <lb/>
              bus,
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              exuſtis: quia ſuccus eſt, ideò reſolui­
                <lb/>
              tur in humidam ſubſtantiam, & hærere po­
                <lb/>
              teſt, nec calamo negotium faceſſit: quòd non
                <lb/>
              contingeret terreo, vbi terreum eſſet, etiamſi
                <lb/>
              in puluerem tenuiſſimum redigeretur. </s>
              <s id="s.004056">Cùm
                <lb/>
              verè deuſtus ſit, lumen prohibet, & nigrum
                <lb/>
              efficit: quia verò ex tenuiſſimis partibus con­
                <lb/>
              ſtat, glutinoſum minimè reddit ſcriptorium
                <lb/>
              atramentum. </s>
              <s id="s.004057">
                <expan abbr="Atq;">Atque</expan>
              ex his facilè eſt coniicere
                <lb/>
              quarum ſit virium. </s>
              <s id="s.004058">Elegantius eo eſt Miſy,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg522"/>
                <lb/>
              quòd Romanum vocant vitriolum: eius fu­
                <lb/>
              mus adeò grauis, vt etiam arbores ipſas ne­
                <lb/>
              cet, & ſyluas deformet: ſplendet quandoque
                <lb/>
              Miſy, & aureis quaſi guttulis ſcintillat. </s>
              <s id="s.004059">In
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg523"/>
                <lb/>
              omni enim
                <expan abbr="foſſiliũ">foſſilium</expan>
              genere aliquid eſt, quòd
                <lb/>
              ſcintillat: vt inter ſuccos Miſy, inter metalla
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>
              , inter lapides gemmæ & marmora, inter
                <lb/>
              terras argentaria. </s>
              <s id="s.004060">Fit enim nitor, cùm denſa
                <lb/>
              materia ab arte, vel natura expolitur: at in
                <lb/>
              omni genere foſſilium aliquid denſum inue­
                <lb/>
              niri neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004061">Quæ vero pars chalchanti aut
                <lb/>
              Miſy quaſi ſpuma eruitur, nec elaboratur, di­
                <lb/>
              citur Cuperoſa: à Galeno autem ac cæteris
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg524"/>
                <lb/>
              antiquis, chalcitis. </s>
              <s id="s.004062">Eſt autem candida, proxi­
                <lb/>
              ma naturæ calcanthi, haud ſplendida, &
                <lb/>
              ciens egregiè vomitum. </s>
              <s id="s.004063">Exuſto chalcantho
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg525"/>
                <lb/>
              aut Miſy, vi ignis per vitrea vaſa oleum de­
                <lb/>
              trahitur acutiſſimum, & calidiſſimum, aliter
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="chalcãthi">chalcanthi</expan>
              libras binas in vitreo vaſe, vas vi­
                <lb/>
              treum in ferreo reponito: deſtilla, vbi aqua
                <lb/>
              non amplius exit, collum vaſis alterius vitrei
                <lb/>
              collo inſerito, ſic vt
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              reſpiret. </s>
              <s id="s.004064">Lutum vtri­
                <lb/>
              que ignibus inuiolabile obducito, & follibus
                <lb/>
              oleum educito: ita totum hoc opus die vna
                <lb/>
              abſoluere licebit: ſi quis iam ſaucitas ver­
                <lb/>
              rucas tangat, abſcedent illæ. </s>
              <s id="s.004065">Idem guſta­
                <lb/>
              tum, ferit linguam, haud ſecùs quàm can­
                <lb/>
              dens ferrum: eſt tamen illius vtilis ad
                <lb/>
              ſiccanda vlcera interiora deplorata, vbi
                <lb/>
              non multùm ſordida fuerint, vt in qui­
                <lb/>
              buſdam contingit phthoë laborantibus abſ­
                <lb/>
              que dolore. </s>
              <s id="s.004066">Facit ad præſcindendos can­
                <lb/>
              cros, & corrupta membra, ligno oliuæ il­
                <lb/>
              lito ex eo. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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