Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="58"/>
              II are northern directions lying toward the east, IV and V are eastern
                <lb/>
              directions lying toward the north, and III is assigned, half to the north and
                <lb/>
              half to the east.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>One who wishes to know the direction of the veins underground, places
                <lb/>
              over the vein the instrument just described; and the needle, as soon as it
                <lb/>
              becomes quiet, will indicate the course of the vein. </s>
              <s>That is, if the vein
                <lb/>
              proceeds from VI to VI, it either runs from east to west, or from west to
                <lb/>
              east; but whether it be the former or the latter, is clearly shown by the
                <lb/>
              seams in the rocks. </s>
              <s>If the vein proceeds along the line which is between V
                <lb/>
              and VI toward the opposite direction, it runs from between the fifth and
                <lb/>
              sixth divisions of east to the west, or from between the fifth and sixth
                <lb/>
              divisions of west to the east; and again, whether it is the one or the other
                <lb/>
              is clearly shown by the seams in the rocks. </s>
              <s>In a similar manner we
                <lb/>
              determine the other directions.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Now miners reckon as many points as the sailors do in reckoning up
                <lb/>
              the number of the winds. </s>
              <s>Not only is this done to-day in this country, but
                <lb/>
              it was also done by the Romans who in olden times gave the winds partly
                <lb/>
              Latin names and partly names borrowed from the Greeks. </s>
              <s>Any miner who
                <lb/>
              pleases may therefore call the directions of the veins by the names of the
                <lb/>
              winds. </s>
              <s>There are four principal winds, as there are four cardinal points:
                <lb/>
              the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Subsolanus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which blows from the east; and its opposite the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Favoníus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              which blows from the west; the latter is called by the Greeks
                <foreign lang="grc">Ζέφυρος,</foreign>
              and
                <lb/>
              the former
                <foreign lang="grc">Ἀπηλιώτης.</foreign>
              There is the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Auster,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which blows from the south;
                <lb/>
              and opposed to it is the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Septentrío,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              from the north; the former the Greeks
                <lb/>
              called
                <foreign lang="grc">Νότος,</foreign>
              and the latter
                <foreign lang="grc">Ἀπαρκτίας.</foreign>
              There are also subordinate winds,
                <lb/>
              to the number of twenty, as there are directions, for between each two
                <lb/>
              principal winds there are always five subordinate ones. </s>
              <s>Between the
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Subsolanus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (east wind) and the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Auster
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (south wind) there is the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Orníthíae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              or the Bird wind, which has the first place next to the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Subsolanus;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              then
                <lb/>
              comes
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Caecías;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              then
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Eurus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which lies in the midway of these five; next
                <lb/>
              comes
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vulturnus;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and lastly,
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Euronotus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              nearest the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Auster
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (south wind).
                <lb/>
              The Greeks have given these names to all of these, with the exception of
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vulturnus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              but those who do not distinguish the winds in so precise a manner
                <lb/>
              say this is the same as the Greeks called
                <foreign lang="grc">Εὐ̄ρος.</foreign>
              Between the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Auster
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (south
                <lb/>
              wind) and the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Favonius
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (west wind) is first
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Altanus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to the right of the
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Auster
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (south wind); then
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Líbonotus;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              then
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Afrícus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which is the middle
                <lb/>
              one of these five; after that comes
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Subvesperus;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              next
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Argestes,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to the left
                <lb/>
              of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Favoníus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (west wind). All these, with the exception of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Líbonotus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Argestes,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              have Latin names; but
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Afrícus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              also is called by the Greeks
                <foreign lang="grc">Αίψ.</foreign>
                <lb/>
              In a similar manner, between
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Favoníus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (west wind) and
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Septentrio
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (north
                <lb/>
              wind), first to the right of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Favoníus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (west wind), is the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Etesíae;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              then
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Círcíus;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              then
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Caurus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which is in the middle of these five; then
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Corus;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              and lastly
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Thrascias
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to the left of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Septentrio
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (north wind). To all of
                <lb/>
              these, except that of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Caurus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              the Greeks gave the names, and those
                <lb/>
              who do not distinguish the winds by so exact a plan, assert that the wind
                <lb/>
              which the Greeks called
                <foreign lang="grc">Κόρος</foreign>
              and the Latins
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Caurus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              is one and the same. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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