Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572
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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4821" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="90" file="0096" n="96" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
            debilium diuerſitatem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4822" xml:space="preserve"> Et hæc colorum diuerſitas in luce debili uenitad oculum, tanquam aliquid
              <lb/>
            obſcurum aut tenebroſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4823" xml:space="preserve"> & etiam in luce forti, quando ſubſtantia colorum fuerit ualde parua.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4824" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Longitudo inducit errorem ſenſus, cum temperata fuerit elongatio corporis à uiſu, & fuerint in
              <lb/>
            corpore partes minutę in coloribus diuerſę, ad quas prop ortionata partiũ elongatio fit intempera
              <lb/>
            ta:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4825" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit enim corpus illud unius coloris tantùm:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4826" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam extra temperantiam eſt longitu-
              <lb/>
            do, reſpectu particularium, licet omnia alia conueniant in temperantia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4827" xml:space="preserve"> Et eſt error iſte ſenſualis,
              <lb/>
            cum ſenſus ſit comprehenſiuus coloris.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4828" xml:space="preserve"> Situs ſenſum errare facit, cum maxima fuerit corporis ui-
              <lb/>
            ſi declinatio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4829" xml:space="preserve"> occultabuntur uiſui minutæ eius particulæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4830" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi in partibus minutis fuerit colorum
              <lb/>
            diuerſitas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4831" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit in totali corpore colorum unitas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4832" xml:space="preserve"> Et accidit error propter ſitũ tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4833" xml:space="preserve"> Quia
              <lb/>
            oppoſito corpore uiſui, in ſitu recto, alijs (ſicut ſunt) immotis, percipientur etiam partes corpo-
              <lb/>
            ris & coloris, cum ſolus ſitus egreſſus ſit à temperamento.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4834" xml:space="preserve"> Idem error accidit ex ſitus intemperan-
              <lb/>
            tia, cum elongatio partium minutarum ab axe fuerit magna.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4835" xml:space="preserve"> Lux multùm debilis errorem facit, ab-
              <lb/>
            ſcondit enim uiſui particulas corporis, & prætendit unitatẽ tenebroſi coloris:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4836" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi lux ad temperã-
              <lb/>
            tiam reduceretur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4837" xml:space="preserve"> diuerſitas colorum aut diminutio partium non occultaretur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4838" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam lux ſola
              <lb/>
            extra temperantiam eſt ſita.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4839" xml:space="preserve"> Magnitudo errorem inuehit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4840" xml:space="preserve"> Cum enim partes corporis minutiſsimæ
              <lb/>
            diſsimiles fuerint in totali colore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4841" xml:space="preserve"> latebunt uiſum partes illæ propter ſuam paruitatem, & ſimiliter
              <lb/>
            corum colores:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4842" xml:space="preserve"> & apparebit color unicus in corpore, magnitudine ſola extra temperantiam ſita:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4843" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            quod nõ appareret, ſi paruitas partiũ extra tẽperamentũ non exiret.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4844" xml:space="preserve"> Soliditas cauſſa eſt erroris ſem
              <lb/>
            ſualis, ſi remiſſa fuerit ſoliditas, ut in cryſtallo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4845" xml:space="preserve">unde cum ei ſupponitur corpus coloratum, uidetur
              <lb/>
            cryſtallus colore illo affecta, propter ſoliditatis paruitatem à temperamento egreſſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4846" xml:space="preserve"> quod non
              <lb/>
            accideret, ſi cryſtallus magis ſolida eſſet.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4847" xml:space="preserve"> Ex raritate aeris procedit error ſenſualis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4848" xml:space="preserve"> cum intercidit
              <lb/>
            inter uiſum & corpus oppoſitum, flamma, licet fortis coloris ſit corpus uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4849" xml:space="preserve"> uidebitur tenebro-
              <lb/>
            ſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4850" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſola raritas aeris egreſſa eſt temperamentum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4851" xml:space="preserve"> Tempus eſt cauſſa erroris:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4852" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam ſi ſubitò
              <lb/>
            ſuper corpus diuerſorum colorum fiat uiſus directio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4853" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit color ſingularis, donec prolonge-
              <lb/>
            tur inſpectionis duratio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4854" xml:space="preserve"> luce dico, ſub qua comprehenditur corpus, non forti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4855" xml:space="preserve"> In luce enim debi-
              <lb/>
            li non ſtatim immutatur uiſus ſecundum quemlibet colorum particularium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4856" xml:space="preserve"> quod accideret in lu-
              <lb/>
            ce forti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4857" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus aliquan do errorem prætendit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4858" xml:space="preserve"> Luce enim forti in uiſum cadente:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4859" xml:space="preserve"> læditur uiſus, &
              <lb/>
            ſtatim ad colorem alicuius corporis conuerſus, ipſum tenebroſum recipit, donec paululum ſtete-
              <lb/>
            rit, & læſio receſſerit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4860" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo cum aderit oculi infirmitas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4861" xml:space="preserve"> occultabitur uiſui colorum ueritas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4862" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Vnde error eſt ex ſola uiſus qualitate à temperamento recedente.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4863" xml:space="preserve"> Patet ergo, quòd accidanterro-
              <lb/>
            res uiſui ſecundum quo dlibet prædictorum conſiderati.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4864" xml:space="preserve"> Et acciduntin ſenſu tantùm:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4865" xml:space="preserve"> cum ex ſolo
              <lb/>
            ſenſu fiat comprehenſio colorum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4866" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div159" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head186" xml:space="preserve">DE QVALITATIBVS DECEPTIONVM VISVS, QVAE
            <lb/>
          fiuntin ſcientia & cognitione. Cap. VI.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head187" xml:space="preserve" style="it">21. Erratur anticipata nõtione: cum forma anticipata, obiecto uiſibili perperam aßimila-
            <lb/>
          tur, propter ſingulorum uiſionem perficientium aſymmetriam. 155 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4867" xml:space="preserve">DIctum eſt in ſecundo libro, [14.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4868" xml:space="preserve"> 67 n] quòd non niſi per ſcientiam fit definitionis rei acqui-
              <lb/>
            ſitio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4869" xml:space="preserve"> Peruenit enim definitio ex ſimilitudine uel diſsimilitudine alicuius rei cũ alia, in com-
              <lb/>
            muni forma.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4870" xml:space="preserve"> Et proprium eſt ſcientiæ communicare rem uiſui præſentem cum re prius ui-
              <lb/>
            ſa in ſorma recepta:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4871" xml:space="preserve"> & ex hac communicatione acquiritur definitio rei cuiufcunque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4872" xml:space="preserve"> Diuerſifica-
              <lb/>
            tur autem ſcientia in ſcientiam ideæ uniuerſalis, aut ſingularis, aut utriuſque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4873" xml:space="preserve"> Et omnis error ſci-
              <lb/>
            entiæ erit error in aliquo iſtorum, aut in utroque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4874" xml:space="preserve"> Cum ergo res aliqua, aut alia, aut alterius ſpe-
              <lb/>
            ciei apparet, quàm ſit in rei ueritate:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4875" xml:space="preserve"> erit error in definitionis aſsignatione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4876" xml:space="preserve"> Nec accidit error iſte,
              <lb/>
            niſi aliquod prædictorum fuerit extra temperamentum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4877" xml:space="preserve"> Error ſcientiæ in longitudine erit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4878" xml:space="preserve"> ſi à lon
              <lb/>
            gitudine magna uideatur homo notus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4879" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit forſitan eſſe alius uidenti notus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4880" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde aliquan-
              <lb/>
            do uidens Petrum, uiſum dicit eſſe Martinum, cum conſtet utrumq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4881" xml:space="preserve"> ei eſſe notum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4882" xml:space="preserve"> In forma com-
              <lb/>
            muni erit error:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4883" xml:space="preserve"> ſi quis ab aliqua longitudine uideat equum, & puter ſe uidere aſinum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4884" xml:space="preserve"> In utraque
              <lb/>
            formarum, ſcilicet ſingularis & cõmunis, eſt error:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4885" xml:space="preserve"> ut ſi quis à longitudine maxima uideat equum
              <lb/>
            ſibi notum, & æſtimet ſe uidere aſinum ſibi cognitum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4886" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo accidit error in arboribus tri-
              <lb/>
            plex:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4887" xml:space="preserve"> in indiuiduis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4888" xml:space="preserve"> in communibus formis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4889" xml:space="preserve"> in utriſque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4890" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde aliquando una amygdalus æſtima-
              <lb/>
            tur alia:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4891" xml:space="preserve"> aliquando à longitudine magna pyrus æſtimatur amygdalus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4892" xml:space="preserve"> aliquando pyrus Petri, cre-
              <lb/>
            ditur amygdalus Martini.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4893" xml:space="preserve"> Eadem triplicitas erroris ex longitudine accidit plurimum in ueſtibus,
              <lb/>
            lapidibus, & alijs.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4894" xml:space="preserve"> Aliquando uidetur res ignota, & contingit error in ſcientia:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4895" xml:space="preserve"> ſicut ſi aliquis ui-
              <lb/>
            derit ignem longè remotum in aere, æſtimat forſitan ſe ſtellam uidere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4896" xml:space="preserve"> Planum autem, quemlibet
              <lb/>
            errorem prædictum cadere in ſcientiam, cum in eo fiat aſsignatio definitionis rei uiſæ, quæ non
              <lb/>
            eſt in ea, in ueritate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4897" xml:space="preserve"> Palàm etiam, quòd accidit error præfatus exlongitudine extra temperamen-
              <lb/>
            tum exeunte.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4898" xml:space="preserve"> Ea enim ad temperamentum reducta, alijs erroris cauſsis (ſicut ſunt,) manenti-
              <lb/>
            bus, non accidit error in ſcientia prædictus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4899" xml:space="preserve"> Situs errorem infert ſcientiæ, cum corpus aliquod
              <lb/>
            multùm fuerit elongatũ ab axe:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4900" xml:space="preserve"> non erit certa formæ cõprehenſio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4901" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde ali quando in hoc ſitu Pe-
              <lb/>
            trus æſtimabitur Martinus, aliquãdo equus æſtimabitur eſſe aſinus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4902" xml:space="preserve"> Et in hac incertitudine forſan
              <lb/>
            eligetur ueritas, forſan falſitas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4903" xml:space="preserve"> Cum enim in hoc ſtatu incertum ſit iudiciũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4904" xml:space="preserve"> caſualis electio erit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4905" xml:space="preserve"> Ac-
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            </s>
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