Castelli, Benedetto
,
Of the mensuration of running waters
,
1661
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where alſo I give the reaſon thereof, ^{*}
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Coroll.
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14. The ac
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cident is this, That there coming a Land-Flood, for example,
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into
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Arno,
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which maketh it to riſe above its ordinary Mouth
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wthin
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Piſa,
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or a little above or below the City ſix or ſeven Bra
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ces; this ſame height becometh alwaies leſſer and leſſer, the more
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we approach towards the Sea-ſide; inſomuch, that near to the
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Sea the ſaid River ſhall be raiſed hardly half a Brace: Whence
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it followeth of neceſſary conſequence, that ſhould I again be at
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the Sea-ſide, and knowing nothing of what hapneth, ſhould ſee
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the River
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Arno
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raiſed by the acceſſion of a Land-flood, one third
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of a Brace; I could certainly infer, that the ſame River was raiſed
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in
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Piſa
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thoſe ſame ſix or ſeven Braces. </
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>And that which I ſay of
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Arno,
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is true of all Rivers that fall into the Sea. </
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>Which thing
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being true, it is neceſſary to make great account of every ſmall
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riſing, that
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Fiume morto
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maketh towards the Sea-ſide by fal
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ling into
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Serchio.
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For although the riſing of
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Fiume morto,
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by
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being to diſgorge its Waters into
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Serchio,
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towards the Sea, were
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onely a quarter of a Brace; we might very well be ſure, that fart
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from the Sea, about
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Piſa,
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and upon thoſe fields the riſe ſhall be
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much greater, and ſhall become two or three Braces: And be
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cauſe the Countrey lyeth low, that ſame riſe will cauſe a conti
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nual Innundation of the Plains, like as it did before; I cauſed the
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Mouth to be opened into the Sea. </
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>And therefore I conclude
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that the Mouth of
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Fiume morto,
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ought by no means to be opened
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into
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Serchio
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; but ought to be continued into the Sea, uſing all
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diligence to keep it open after the manner aforeſaid, ſo ſoon as
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ever the Wind ſhall be laid. </
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>And if they ſhall do otherwiſe, I
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confidently affirm, that there will daily follow greater damages;
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not onely in the Plains, but alſo in the wholeſomneſs of the
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Air; as hath been ſeen in times paſt. </
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>And again, It ought with
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all care to be procured, that no waters do by any means run or
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fall from the Trench of
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Libra,
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into the Plain of
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Piſa,
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for theſe
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Waters being to diſcharge into
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Fiume morto,
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they maintain it
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much higher than is imagined, according to that which I have de
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monſtrated in my conſideration upon the ſtate of the Lake of
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Venice.
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I have ſaid but little, but I ſpeak to you, who under
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ſtandeth much, and I ſubmit all to the moſt refined judgment of
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our moſt Serene Prince
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Leopold,
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whoſe hands I beſeech you in all
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humility to kiſs in my name, and implore the continuance of his
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Princely favour to me; and ſo deſiring your prayers to God for
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me, I take my leave.</
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Rome
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1. Feb.
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>1642.</
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Your moſt affectionate Servant,
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>D. BENEDETTO CASTELLI.</
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