Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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1
The anſwer to a Letter written by BAR­
TOLOTTI, touching the
difficultyes obſerved.
The former part of the Letter is omitted, and the diſcourſe
beginneth at the firſt Head.
And firſt I ſay, Whereas I ſuppoſe that the level of the Ser­
chio is higher than that of Fiume morto; this is moſt true,
at ſuch time as the waters of Fiume morto are diſcharged in­
to the Sea; but I did never ſay that things could never be brought
to that paſs, as that the level of Fiume morto ſhould be higher than
Serchio: and ſo I grant that it will follow, that the waters of
Fiume morto ſhall go into Serchio, and its very poſſible, that the
Drain of Fiume morto into Serchio may be continuate; and I far­
ther grant, that its poſſible, that the Serchio doth never diſgorge
thorow Fiume morto towards Piſa; Nay, I will yet farther grant
that it might have happened, that Fiume morto might have had
ſuch a fall into Serchio, as would have ſufficed to have turned
Mills: But then I add withall, that the Plains of Piſa, and the
City it ſelf muſt be a meer Lake.
2. Signore Bartololti ſaith confidently, that when the Sea ſwel­
leth by the South-Weſt, or other Winds, the level of Serchio in
the place marked A in the Platt, diſtant about 200. Braces, riſeth
very little: But that Fiume morto in D, and in E, many miles
more up into Land riſeth very much, and that certain Fiſhermen
confirm this, and ſhew him the ſignes of the riſing of the Water.
I grant it to be very true, and I have ſeen it with my own eyes:
But this cometh to paſs, when the Mouth of Fiume morto is ſtopt
up by the Sea; as I ſhall ſhew by and by.
And this riſing near
the Sea-ſide, is of no conſiderable prejudice to the fields.
And
this is as much as I find to be true in the aſſertion of Signore Bar­
tolotti, (without his confirming it by any other proof; as indeed
it needs none) That the level of Fiume morto riſeth in E, and ma­
ny miles farther upwards it riſeth much; nor did I ever affirm the
contrary.
3. Concerning the difficulty of opening the Mouth of Fiume
morto into the Sea, that which Il Caſtellano ſaith is moſt certain;
namely, That at the entrance upon the opening of the Mouth, it
is neceſſary to make a deep Trench: But I ſay, that at that time
it is difficult to open it, unleſs upon great occaſions; for that the

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