Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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              <s>The anſwer to a Letter written by BAR­
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              TOLOTTI, touching the
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              difficultyes obſerved.</s>
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            <p type="head">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              The former part of the Letter is omitted, and the diſcourſe
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              beginneth at the firſt Head.
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              </s>
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              <s>And firſt I ſay, Whereas I ſuppoſe that the level of the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ser­
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              chio
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              is higher than that of
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              Fiume morto
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              ; this is moſt true,
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              at ſuch time as the waters of
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              Fiume morto
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              are diſcharged in­
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              to the Sea; but I did never ſay that things could never be brought
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              to that paſs, as that the level of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume morto
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              ſhould be higher than
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Serchio
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              : and ſo I grant that it will follow, that the waters of
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume morto
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ſhall go into
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Serchio,
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              and its very poſſible, that the
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              Drain of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume morto
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              into
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Serchio
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              may be continuate; and I far­
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              ther grant, that its poſſible, that the
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              Serchio
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              doth never diſgorge
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              thorow
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume morto
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              towards
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              Piſa
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              ; Nay, I will yet farther grant
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              that it might have happened, that
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume morto
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              might have had
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              ſuch a fall into
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              Serchio,
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              as would have ſufficed to have turned
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              Mills: But then I add withall, that the Plains of
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              Piſa,
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              and the
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              City it ſelf muſt be a meer Lake.</s>
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              <s>2.
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              Signore Bartololti
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              ſaith confidently, that when the Sea ſwel­
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              leth by the South-Weſt, or other Winds, the level of
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              Serchio
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              in
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              the place marked A in the Platt, diſtant about 200. Braces, riſeth
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              very little: But that
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume morto
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              in D, and in E, many miles
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              more up into Land riſeth very much, and that certain Fiſhermen
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              confirm this, and ſhew him the ſignes of the riſing of the Water.
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              </s>
              <s>I grant it to be very true, and I have ſeen it with my own eyes:
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              But this cometh to paſs, when the Mouth of
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              Fiume morto
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              is ſtopt
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              up by the Sea; as I ſhall ſhew by and by. </s>
              <s>And this riſing near
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              the Sea-ſide, is of no conſiderable prejudice to the fields. </s>
              <s>And
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              this is as much as I find to be true in the aſſertion of
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              Signore Bar­
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              tolotti,
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              (without his confirming it by any other proof; as indeed
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              it needs none) That the level of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume morto
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              riſeth in E, and ma­
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              ny miles farther upwards it riſeth much; nor did I ever affirm the
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              contrary.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>3. Concerning the difficulty of opening the Mouth of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume
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              morto
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              into the Sea, that which
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              Il Caſtellano
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              ſaith is moſt certain;
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              namely, That at the entrance upon the opening of the Mouth, it
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              is neceſſary to make a deep Trench: But I ſay, that at that time
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              it is difficult to open it, unleſs upon great occaſions; for that the </s>
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