Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004187">
                <pb pagenum="448" xlink:href="016/01/097.jpg"/>
              vt etiam rimas contrahat per ſe, nec abſi­
                <lb/>
              mile reddatur cæmento vel molliſſimo. </s>
              <s id="s.004188">Cùm
                <lb/>
              verò in aureo coronato expertus eſſem, to­
                <lb/>
              tum in plurima fruſta perfregi: quamo­
                <lb/>
              brem qui annulos aureos geſtant, diligenter
                <lb/>
              cauere decet, ne argento viuo
                <expan abbr="coinquinẽtur">coinquinentur</expan>
              .
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004189">Sola enim vmbra illius, metalla obnoxia
                <lb/>
              reddit, ſed tamen aurum magis longè argen­
                <lb/>
              to, Cauſam huius eſſe neceſſe eſt, quòd ſub­
                <lb/>
              tilitate ſua intus penetrat, & frigiditate co­
                <lb/>
              git, vnde friabile redditur. </s>
              <s id="s.004190">Oſtendit hoc
                <lb/>
              aquæ frigiditas in chalybe: nam in ea fre­
                <lb/>
              quenter extinctus adeò fragilis redditur,
                <lb/>
              tum maximè ſi aqua ſit frigidiſſima, vt ſpon­
                <lb/>
              tè rumpatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004191">Eſſe verò frigidiſſimum ar­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg553"/>
                <lb/>
              gentum viuum, tactus oſtendit. </s>
              <s id="s.004192">Vnde Mauri,
                <lb/>
              & qui in Africa habitant, ſummis illis calo­
                <lb/>
              ribus requiem quærentes, vas lapideum, li­
                <lb/>
              gneumve argento viuo replent, cui corium
                <lb/>
              ſuperponunt, atque corio inde incubant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004193">Quod etiam ferro experimentum ſi fiat, con­
                <lb/>
              ducet. </s>
              <s id="s.004194">Sed cur quaſi ſolum aurum frangitur,
                <lb/>
              ac maximè inter metalla? </s>
              <s id="s.004195">Quia ipſum etiam
                <lb/>
              ſolum, vt infrà oſtendemus, expers eſt pin­
                <lb/>
              guedinis craſſioris: illius enim humidum eſt
                <lb/>
              tenuiſſimum, quod autem tenuiſſimum eſt,
                <lb/>
              & minimè pingue, facillimè gelaſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.004196">Oleum
                <lb/>
              enim & pinguia omnia concreſcunt qui­
                <lb/>
              dem, ſed minimè congelantur. </s>
              <s id="s.004197">Et ideò qui
                <lb/>
              aquam in glaciem vertere ſtudent, coquunt
                <lb/>
              eam, vt tenuior facta faciliùs congeletur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004198">Frigus igitur argenti viui cùm folida pene­
                <lb/>
              trare ſoleat (ſubſtantia enim caret) humidum
                <lb/>
              auri congelat. </s>
              <s id="s.004199">Ideoque aurum admodum fit
                <lb/>
              fragile. </s>
              <s id="s.004200">Omne enim quod congelatur, etiam
                <lb/>
              fragile fit. </s>
              <s id="s.004201">Indicio ſunt glacies, ligna, piſces,
                <lb/>
              adeò vtin vehementibus frigoribus conge­
                <lb/>
              lati artus integri ab hominibus ipſis deci­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg554"/>
                <lb/>
              derint. </s>
              <s id="s.004202">Sed ad rem reuertar. </s>
              <s id="s.004203">Ob grauitatem
                <lb/>
              argentum viuum in vnum coit, petit enim
                <lb/>
              imum: hoc autem plerunque vnum eſt, ob id
                <lb/>
              etiam in vnum coit. </s>
              <s id="s.004204">Coit & alia ratione: nam
                <lb/>
              humidum eſt atque pingue, hócque dum
                <lb/>
              mouetur in via relinquit, vnde ea facilior
                <lb/>
              ac pronior tranſitus, ob quem in vnum, &
                <lb/>
              in vnam etiam ſedem fertur. </s>
              <s id="s.004205">Quia verò gra­
                <lb/>
              ue & rotundum, quacunque ex cauſa & ce­
                <lb/>
              lerrimè illud ferri neceſſe eſt: vnde vix quie­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg555"/>
                <lb/>
              ſcit, inde nomen ei inditum. </s>
              <s id="s.004206">Eſt igitur ar­
                <lb/>
              gentum viuum quaſi metallum non concre­
                <lb/>
              tum: vt igitur metallum ad argentum vi­
                <lb/>
              uum, ſic ad aquam glacies: & vt non antè
                <lb/>
              glacies euaneſcit, quàm diſſoluatur, ita nec
                <lb/>
              metalla antequam liqueſcant. </s>
              <s id="s.004207">Sed argentum
                <lb/>
              viuum celerrimè, cùm ſit ſpontè vt aqua li­
                <lb/>
              quidum, euaneſcit: vt verò aqua dum eua­
                <lb/>
              neſcit, velut in diſtillationibus, frigore de­
                <lb/>
              nuò concreſcit, ita argentum viuum poſt­
                <lb/>
              quam igne euanuerit, hæret tectis, & la­
                <lb/>
              quearibus: vtque argentum viuum, & me­
                <lb/>
              talla minore indigent frigore, quàm aqua, &
                <lb/>
              glacies: nam metallo ſufficit, ne immodica
                <lb/>
              caliditate impediatur, vt concreſcat, aquæ
                <lb/>
              vt gelu concipiat immodica frigiditate eſt
                <lb/>
              opus, ita aquæ vt euaneſcat minor calor eſt
                <lb/>
              neceſſarius, quàm argento viuo.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg556"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004208">
                <margin.target id="marg547"/>
                <expan abbr="Argentũ">Argentum</expan>
              vi­
                <lb/>
              uum quomo­
                <lb/>
              do inuenia­
                <lb/>
              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004209">
                <margin.target id="marg548"/>
              Aurum
                <expan abbr="ſolũ">ſolum</expan>
                <lb/>
              in argento
                <lb/>
              viuo mergi­
                <lb/>
              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004210">
                <margin.target id="marg549"/>
              Argentum
                <lb/>
              viuum co­
                <lb/>
              rium cerui­
                <lb/>
              num tranſit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004211">
                <margin.target id="marg550"/>
              Modus ſeli­
                <lb/>
              gendi au­
                <lb/>
              rum, quod in
                <lb/>
              fragmentis
                <lb/>
              eſt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004212">
                <margin.target id="marg551"/>
              Argentum
                <lb/>
              viuum om­
                <lb/>
              nia metalli­
                <lb/>
              ca vaſa per­
                <lb/>
              forat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004213">
                <margin.target id="marg552"/>
              Aurum ar­
                <lb/>
              gento viuo
                <lb/>
              illitum per
                <lb/>
              ſe frangitur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004214">
                <margin.target id="marg553"/>
              Mauri quo­
                <lb/>
              modo refri­
                <lb/>
              gerationem
                <lb/>
              aſſequantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004215">
                <margin.target id="marg554"/>
              Hominibus
                <lb/>
              ab gelu ar­
                <lb/>
              tus decide­
                <lb/>
              runt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004216">Cur argen­
                <lb/>
              tum
                <expan abbr="viuũ">viuum</expan>
              in
                <lb/>
              vnum coëat
                <lb/>
              ſpontè.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004217">
                <margin.target id="marg555"/>
              Argenti vi­
                <lb/>
              ui, & aquæ
                <lb/>
              comparatio,
                <lb/>
              & quadri­
                <lb/>
              plex ſimili­
                <lb/>
              tudo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004218">
                <margin.target id="marg556"/>
              Quid ſi ar­
                <lb/>
              gentum vi­
                <lb/>
              uum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004219">Eſt ergo argentum viuum, aqua quædam
                <lb/>
              denſata, non calore, nam non cogitur: nec
                <lb/>
              frigore, eſſet enim lapis, vel metallum: ſed
                <lb/>
              tenuiſſima parte ac puriſſima terrea, quò fit,
                <lb/>
              vt grauiſſimum ſit, frigidiſſimum, ſplendens,
                <lb/>
              ac liquidum: miſtum eſt autem potiùs, quàm
                <lb/>
              concretum, cùm (vt dixi) liquidum ſit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004220">Simile eſt igitur aquæ argentum viuum
                <lb/>
              quatuor modis: vtrunque frigidiſſimum, &
                <lb/>
              cùm euanuerit ob calorem, frigore ad ſe re­
                <lb/>
              dit. </s>
              <s id="s.004221">Fluit ad decliuia vtrunque, & in rotun­
                <lb/>
              dam formam coëunt ambo, dum ſiccum re­
                <lb/>
              fugiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004222">Cauſa verò, cur in puluere atque
                <arrow.to.target n="marg557"/>
                <lb/>
              etiam in ſicco rotunda euadunt
                <expan abbr="argentũ">argentum</expan>
              vi­
                <lb/>
              uum, aqua, eſt, quoniam refugiunt
                <expan abbr="contactũ">contactum</expan>
                <lb/>
              ſicci: at in nulla parte minore poteſt corpus,
                <lb/>
              corpus aliud tangere, quam in puncto: igitur
                <lb/>
              argentum viuum, & aqua conantur ſiccum
                <lb/>
              in puncto tangere: hoc autem manifeſtè
                <expan abbr="cõ-tingit">con­
                  <lb/>
                tingit</expan>
              , ſi rotunda euadant: nam ſphæra pla­
                <lb/>
              num in ſolo puncto tangit: igitur partes
                <lb/>
              aquæ, & argenti viui dum ſuper puluerulen­
                <lb/>
              tam tabulam ſparguntur, rotundæ euadent.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004223">Sed cùm magnæ moles non id efficiant, nec
                <lb/>
              in conum pronum formentur, ſignum eſt
                <lb/>
              eam rotunditatem, in qua extrema à latere
                <lb/>
              pendent, & graue præter rationem ſuſtine­
                <lb/>
              tur, ab humido lento contineri: atque ideò
                <lb/>
              cùm argentum viuum in maiores orbes
                <lb/>
              eo eat aquâ, atque etiam grauius ſit lentum
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg558"/>
                <lb/>
              maximè eſſe neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004224">Spargitur etiam ſi
                <lb/>
              quid aliud, & oleo tenuius hærentibus par­
                <lb/>
              tibus, quod eſt lentoris argentum. </s>
              <s id="s.004225">Quòd igi­
                <lb/>
              tur in orbem coëat argentum viuum, facit
                <lb/>
              odium ſicci, quòd manere poſſit lentor. </s>
              <s id="s.004226">At­
                <lb/>
              que ob id longè minùs aquæ partes eam ro­
                <lb/>
              tunditatem ſeruant, quòd etiam longè mi­
                <lb/>
              nùs lenta ſit aqua, quàm argentum viuum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004227">Cùm verò parum differant aqua, & argen­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg559"/>
                <lb/>
              tum viuum, conſimilíſque ſint naturæ, ob id
                <lb/>
              montes, in quibus oritur, & virent pulchrè,
                <lb/>
              & fontibus ſcatent. </s>
              <s id="s.004228">Lentore autem aurum,
                <lb/>
              & reliqua metalla fœdat: aut ſaltem, ſi mi­
                <lb/>
              tiore vti nomine placet, dealbat, adeóque vt
                <lb/>
              ſeipſum velut grauia prodat. </s>
              <s id="s.004229">Operæ pretium
                <lb/>
              autem eſſe duco, vt hiſtoriam narrem eo­
                <lb/>
              rum, quæ mihi contigerunt, poſtquam de­
                <lb/>
              nuò in patriam è gymnaſio reuerſus ſum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004230">Medebar in domo Nigrolorum: hi erant
                <lb/>
              armorum fabri, non quidem vulgarium, ſed
                <lb/>
              quæ à regibus expeterentur. </s>
              <s id="s.004231">Ibi fortè cùm
                <lb/>
              uerſarer, contigit, vt annulum, quem in in­
                <lb/>
              dice digito geſtabam, hyacintho decorum,
                <lb/>
              ſæpius album factum viderem: quod ani­
                <lb/>
              maduertens, nec cauſam intelligens, ſuſpicio­
                <lb/>
              nem iniecerat, ne ab aliquo venenum acce­
                <lb/>
              piſſem: memineram enim non me tractaſſe
                <lb/>
              talia. </s>
              <s id="s.004232">Sed nullum immicum tunc mihi eſſe
                <lb/>
              perſuadebam: næ æmulatio quamuis maxi­
                <lb/>
              ma, in vrbe noſtra eò progreditur, vt ad per­
                <lb/>
              niciem tendat, ſed calumniis, ſuſpicionibus,
                <lb/>
              infamia, iudiciíſque falſis homines perſe­
                <lb/>
              quuntur: éſtque hoc in ciuitate noſtra opti­
                <lb/>
              mum, ad necem ob ſolam inuidiam non ſæ­
                <lb/>
              uire. </s>
              <s id="s.004233">Itaque dum hæc mecum verſo, animad­
                <lb/>
              uerto maculam hanc ſola aqua elui. </s>
              <s id="s.004234">Inde me­
                <lb/>
              cum reuoluens cauſam, ſuſpicabar aliquem
                <lb/>
              è meis ægris argentum viuum, aut ſublima­
                <lb/>
              tum hauſiſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.004235">Interim dum hæc cogito, ani­
                <lb/>
              maduero, me è domo illa egredientem annu­
                <lb/>
              lum habere dealbatum. </s>
              <s id="s.004236">Mentem adhi­
                <lb/>
              beo diligentius, audio à puero meo ar­
                <lb/>
              gentum viuum ea in domo muris hærere:
                <lb/>
              tandem cognoui, diligenter rem obſeruans, </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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