Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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make Choice of that Haven into whoſe Mouth
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none blow but the moſt gentle and temperate
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Winds, and where you may enter or go out,
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with the moſt eaſy Breezes, without being
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forced to wait too long for them.</
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<
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>THEY ſay, that of all Winds the North is
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the gentleſt; and that when the Sea is di
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ſturbed by this Wind, as ſoon as ever the
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Wind ceaſes, it is calm again: But if a South
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wind raiſes a Storm, the Sea continues turbu
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lent a long while. </
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<
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>But as Places are various,
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our Buſineſs is to chuſe ſuch a one as is beſt
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provided with all Conveniencies for Shipping:
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we muſt be ſure to have ſuch a Depth, in the
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Mouth, Boſem and Sides of the Haven, as
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will nor refuſe Ships of Burthen, though
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ever ſo deep laden; the Bottom too ought to
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be clear, and not ſull of any Sort of Weeds:
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Though, ſometimes, thick entangled Weeds
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are of a good deal of Uſe in faſtening the An
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chor. </
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<
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>Yet I ſhould rather chuſe an Haven
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that does not produce any thing which can
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contaminate the Purity of the Air, or preju
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dice the Ships, as Ruſhes and Weeds which
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grow in the Water really do; for they en
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gender a great many Kinds of Worms which
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get into the Timbers of the Veſſel, and the
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rotting of the Weeds raiſes unwholeſome Va
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pours. </
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<
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>There is another Thing which makes
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an Haven noiſome and unhealthy, and that is
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a Mixture of freſh Water; eſpecially Rain
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water that runs down from Hills: Though I
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would be ſure to have Streams and Springs in
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the Neighbourhood, from whence, freſh Water
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that will keep may be brought for the Uſe of
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the Veſſels. </
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<
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>A Port alſo ought to have a clear,
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ſtrait and ſafe Paſſage outwards, with a Bot
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tom not often ſhifting, free from all Impedi
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ments, and ſecure from the Ambuſhes of Ene
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mies and Pirates. </
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<
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>Moreover, I would have
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it covered with ſome high ſteep Hill, that may
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be ſeen a great Way off, and ſerve as a Land
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mark for the Sailors to ſteer their Courſe by.
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<
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>Within the Port we ſhould make a Key and
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a Bridge for the more eaſy unlading of the
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Shipping. </
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<
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>Theſe Works the Ancients raiſed
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in different Ways, which it is not yet our
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Time to ſpeak of; and we ſhall come to it
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more properly when we ſpeak of the Method
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of improving a Haven and running up a Pier.
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>Beſides all this, a good Haven ſhould have
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Places to walk in, and a Portico and Temple,
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for the Reception of Perſons that are juſt
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landed; nor ſhould it want Pillars, Bars and
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Rings to faſten Ships to; and there ſhould alſo
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be a good Number of Warehouſes or Vaults
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for the laying up of Goods. </
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<
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>We ſhould alſo
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at the Mouth erect high and ſtrong Towers,
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from the Lanterns of which we may ſpy what
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Sails approach, and by Fires give Directions to
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the Mariners, and which by their Fortificati
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ons may defend the Veſſels of our Friends, and
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lay Chains acroſs the Port to keep out an
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Enemy. </
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<
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>And from the Port ſtrait thro' the
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Heart of the City ought to run a large Street,
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in which ſeveral other Quarters of the Town
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ſhould center, that the Inhabitants may pre
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ſently run thither from all Parts to repulſe any
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Inſult from an Enemy. </
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<
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>Within the Boſom of
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the Haven likewiſe, ſhould be ſeveral ſmaller
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Docks, where battered Veſſels may refit. </
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<
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>But
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there is one Thing which we ought not to
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omit, ſince it relates entirely to the Haven;
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which is, that there have been, and now are,
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many famous Cities, whoſe greateſt Security
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has lain in the unſafe and uncertain Entrance
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of their Harbours, and from the Variety of its
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Channels made almoſt hourly for the con
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tinual Alteration of the Bottom. </
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<
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>Thus much
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we thought proper to ſay of publick Works in
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the univerſal Acceptation; and I cannot tell
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whether there is any Occaſion to add what
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ſome inſiſt upon, that there ought to be ſe
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veral Squares laid out in different Parts of the
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City, ſome for the expoſing of Merchandizes
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to ſale in Time of Peace; others for the Exer
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ciſes proper for Youth; and others for laying
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up Stores in Time of War, of Timber, For
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age, and the like Proviſions neceſſary for the
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ſuſtaining of a Siege. </
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<
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>As for Temples, Cha
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pels, Halls for the Adminiſtration of Juſtice,
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and Places for Shows, they are Buildings that,
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tho' for publick Uſe, are yet the Property of
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only a few Perſons; which are the Prieſts
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and Magiſtrates; and therefore we ſhall treat
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of them in their proper Places.</
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The End of Book
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IV.</
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