Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <pb pagenum="68"/>
            <figure number="34"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A, C—
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vena dilatata
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              CROSSING A
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena profunda.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> B—
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vena profunda.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> D, E—
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vena
                <lb/>
              dilatata
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              WHICH JUNCTIONS WITH A
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena profunda.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> F—
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vena profunda.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> G—
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vena dilatata.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              H, I—ITS DIVIDED PARTS. K—
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Vena profunda
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              WHICH DIVIDES THE
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena dilatata.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Finally, a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena profunda
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              has a “beginning” (
                <emph type="italics"/>
              origo
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ), an “end” (
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              finis
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ), a
                <lb/>
              “head” (
                <emph type="italics"/>
              caput
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ), and a “tail” (
                <emph type="italics"/>
              cauda
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ). That part whence it takes its rise
                <lb/>
              is said to be its “beginning,” that in which it terminates the “end.” Its
                <lb/>
              “head”
                <emph type="sup"/>
              5
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              is that part which emerges into daylight; its “tail” that part
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              which is hidden in the earth. </s>
              <s>But miners have no need to seek the
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              “beginning” of veins, as formerly the kings of Egypt sought for the source
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              of the Nile, but it is enough for them to discover some other part of the vein
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              and to recognise its direction, for seldom can either the “beginning” or the
                <lb/>
              “end” be found. </s>
              <s>The direction in which the head of the vein comes into
                <lb/>
              the light, or the direction toward which the tail extends, is indicated by its
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              footwall and hangingwall. </s>
              <s>The latter is said to hang, and the former to lie.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>The vein rests on the footwall, and the hangingwall overhangs it; thus,
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              when we descend a shaft, the part to which we turn the face is the foot­
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              wall and seat of the vein, that to which we turn the back is the hanging­
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              wall. </s>
              <s>Also in another way, the head accords with the footwall and the tail
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              with the hangingwall, for if the footwall is toward the south, the vein
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              extends its head into the light toward the south; and the hangingwall,
                <lb/>
              because it is always opposite to the footwall, is then toward the north.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Consequently the vein extends its tail toward the north if it is an inclined
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena profunda.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> Similarly, we can determine with regard to east and west
                <lb/>
              and the subordinate and their intermediate directions. </s>
              <s>A
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena profunda
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              which descends into the earth may be either vertical, inclined, or crooked,
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              the footwall of an inclined vein is easily distinguished from the hangingwall,
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              but it is not so with a vertical vein; and again, the footwall of a crooked
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              vein is inverted and changed into the hangingwall, and contrariwise the
                <lb/>
              hangingwall is twisted into the footwall, but very many of these crooked
                <lb/>
              veins may be turned back to vertical or inclined ones.</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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