Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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<
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>A, C—
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Vena dilatata
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CROSSING A
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vena profunda.
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<
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> B—
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emph
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Vena profunda.
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italics
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</
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<
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> D, E—
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emph
type
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Vena
<
lb
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dilatata
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emph.end
type
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italics
"/>
WHICH JUNCTIONS WITH A
<
emph
type
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italics
"/>
vena profunda.
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emph.end
type
="
italics
"/>
</
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<
s
> F—
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emph
type
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Vena profunda.
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emph.end
type
="
italics
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</
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>
<
s
> G—
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emph
type
="
italics
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Vena dilatata.
<
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type
="
italics
"/>
<
lb
/>
H, I—ITS DIVIDED PARTS. K—
<
emph
type
="
italics
"/>
Vena profunda
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emph.end
type
="
italics
"/>
WHICH DIVIDES THE
<
emph
type
="
italics
"/>
vena dilatata.
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type
="
italics
"/>
</
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>
</
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>
<
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type
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main
">
<
s
>Finally, a
<
emph
type
="
italics
"/>
vena profunda
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emph.end
type
="
italics
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has a “beginning” (
<
emph
type
="
italics
"/>
origo
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emph.end
type
="
italics
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), an “end” (
<
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type
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finis
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), a
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“head” (
<
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type
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italics
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caput
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type
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), and a “tail” (
<
emph
type
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italics
"/>
cauda
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type
="
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"/>
). That part whence it takes its rise
<
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is said to be its “beginning,” that in which it terminates the “end.” Its
<
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/>
“head”
<
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sup
"/>
5
<
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type
="
sup
"/>
is that part which emerges into daylight; its “tail” that part
<
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which is hidden in the earth. </
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>
<
s
>But miners have no need to seek the
<
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/>
“beginning” of veins, as formerly the kings of Egypt sought for the source
<
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/>
of the Nile, but it is enough for them to discover some other part of the vein
<
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/>
and to recognise its direction, for seldom can either the “beginning” or the
<
lb
/>
“end” be found. </
s
>
<
s
>The direction in which the head of the vein comes into
<
lb
/>
the light, or the direction toward which the tail extends, is indicated by its
<
lb
/>
footwall and hangingwall. </
s
>
<
s
>The latter is said to hang, and the former to lie.
<
lb
/>
</
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>
<
s
>The vein rests on the footwall, and the hangingwall overhangs it; thus,
<
lb
/>
when we descend a shaft, the part to which we turn the face is the foot
<
lb
/>
wall and seat of the vein, that to which we turn the back is the hanging
<
lb
/>
wall. </
s
>
<
s
>Also in another way, the head accords with the footwall and the tail
<
lb
/>
with the hangingwall, for if the footwall is toward the south, the vein
<
lb
/>
extends its head into the light toward the south; and the hangingwall,
<
lb
/>
because it is always opposite to the footwall, is then toward the north.
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
>Consequently the vein extends its tail toward the north if it is an inclined
<
lb
/>
<
emph
type
="
italics
"/>
vena profunda.
<
emph.end
type
="
italics
"/>
</
s
>
<
s
> Similarly, we can determine with regard to east and west
<
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and the subordinate and their intermediate directions. </
s
>
<
s
>A
<
emph
type
="
italics
"/>
vena profunda
<
emph.end
type
="
italics
"/>
<
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/>
which descends into the earth may be either vertical, inclined, or crooked,
<
lb
/>
the footwall of an inclined vein is easily distinguished from the hangingwall,
<
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/>
but it is not so with a vertical vein; and again, the footwall of a crooked
<
lb
/>
vein is inverted and changed into the hangingwall, and contrariwise the
<
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hangingwall is twisted into the footwall, but very many of these crooked
<
lb
/>
veins may be turned back to vertical or inclined ones.</
s
>
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