Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, An epistle to fantoni, 1661

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              cludeth all Corporeal Creatures, and in compariſon of
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              Jupiter,
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              Mars,
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              and
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              Saturn
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              together with the
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              Moon,
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              and much more in
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              compariſon of other Bodies, (if any ſuch there be) above the
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              Eighth Sphere and eſpecially the Empyrial Heaven, may be truly
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              ſaid to be in the loweſt place of the World, and almoſt in the
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              Centre of it; nor can it he ſaid to be above any of them, except
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              the
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              Sun, Mercury
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              and
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              Venus
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              : So that one may apply unto it the
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              name of an Infime and Low, but not a Supreme or Middle Body.
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              </s>
              <s>And ſo to come down from Heaven, eſpecially the Empyrian, to it
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              (as it is accepted in the Deſcent of Chriſt from Heaven to his Holy
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              Incarnation) and from it to go up to Heaven (as in Chriſts return
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              to Heaven in his Glorious Aſcention) is truly and properly to
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              Deſcend
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              from the Circumference to the Centre, and to
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              aſcend
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              from the parts which are neareſt to the Centre of the World
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              to its utmoſt Circumference. </s>
              <s>This Maxim therefore may eaſily
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              and according to truth explain Theologicall Propoſitions: and
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              this is ſo much the more confirmed, in that (as I have obſerved)
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              almoſt all Texts of Sacred Scripture which oppoſe the Earth to
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              Heaven, are moſt conveniently and aptly underſtood of the Em­
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              pyrial Heaven (being the Higheſt of all the Heavens, and Spiritual
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              in reſpect of its end) but not of the inferiour or intermediate Hea­
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              vens, which are a Corporeal, and were framed for the benefit of
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              Corporeal Creatures: and thus when in the Plural Number
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              Heavens are mentioned, then all the Heavens promiſcuouſly and
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              without diſtinction are to be underſtood, as well the Empyrian
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              it ſelf as the Inferiour Heavens. </s>
              <s>And this Expoſition indeed any
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              man (that doth but take notice of it) may find to be moſt true.
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              </s>
              <s>And ſo for this Reaſon the Third Heaveu into which St.
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              Paul
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              was wrapt up, by this Maxim may be taken for the Empyrean:
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              if for the the Firſt Heaven we underſtand that immenſe Space of
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              Erratick and Moveable Bodies illuminated by the Sun, in which
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              are comprehended the Planets, as alſo the Earth moveable, and
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              the Sun immoveable, Who like a King upon his Auguſt Tribu­
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              nal, ſits with venerable Majeſty immoveable and conſtant in
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              Centre of all the Sphæres, and, with his Divine Beames, doth
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              bountifully exhilerate all Cœleſtial Bodies that ſtand in need of
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              his vital Light, for which they cravingly wander about him; and
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              doth liberally and on every ſide comfort and illuſtrate the Thea­
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              tre of the whole World, and all its parts, even the very leaſt, like
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              an immortal and perpetual Lamp of high and unſpeakable va­
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              lue. </s>
              <s>The Second Heaven ſhall be the Starry Heaven, common­
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              ly called the Eighth Sphære, or the Firmament, wherein are all
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              the Fixed Starrs, which according to this Opinion of
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              Pythagoras,
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              is (like as the Sun and Centre) void of all Motion, the Centre
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              and utmoſt Circumference mutually agreeing with each other in </s>
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